Pre-harvest rindstain in 'Encore' mandarin starts by the injury of a few epidermal cells. The connection between the damaged epidermis and the collapsed layers of flavedo, extending in parallel with rind surface was only visible on cross-sections containing the narrow zone of injured epidermal cells. The individual cell alteration including loss of membrane integrity and the accumulation of large amounts of osmiophilic materials in the cytoplasm are the result of a degrading process. Minute disruptions in the cuticle may provide shelters for resting forms of amoeboid or plasmodial-like organisms living on the rind. Our results suggest that these organisms could be involved in the disorder expression.

Purpose: Human Streptococcus suis infections are zoonotic infections related to swine animals. It is an emergent public health concern in Asia, where it is associated with food-borne transmission and manifestations of meningitis, endocarditis and sepsis in humans. Arthritis is less common.Methods & Materials: We report a case of a 22-year-old portuguese previously healthy man presented to the hospital with fever, myalgias, swelling and pain of the right wrist with two days duration. Laboratory exams revealed leukocytosis (total leucocytes count 15,34x109/L, 70% neutrophil) and a C-reactive protein of 176,2 mg/L. Wrist's ultrasound showed effusion and synovitis of the radio-carpal joint. Arthrotomy was performed for debridement and synovial fluid analysis. Blood cultures were collected. Patient was admitted with the diagnosis of septic arthritis and ceftriaxone was started empirically. Streptococcus suis was isolated on both synovial fluid and blood. According to bacteria susceptibility antibiotherapy was adjusted to penicillin. After 14 days of iv treatment he was discharged home recovered.The patient worked as a butcher who had handled raw pork. He recalled an abrasion injury on his right first finger 2 days before illness onset.Results: In this case, we had unspecific clinical findings but epidemiological context that raised the possibility of a zoonotic disease. The final diagnosis was based on the results of appropriate microbiological tests timely collected. Conclusion:In Europe, as in this case, Streptococcus suis infections are mostly occupational exposures.

Highlights a) Male sex and the development of acute distress respiratory syndrome are two independent risk factors for ICU admission. b) Admission in the Intensive Care Unit occurs in 10% of all those hospitalised for influenza. c) Influenza confirmed patients show higher detection rates of influenza A virus.