In view of the possibility that spent mushroom substrates (SMSs) may be used as agricultural materials to prevent crop diseases, we examined the effect of treatment with a hot water extract from the SMS of Lentinula edodes on plant resistance to pathogenic infection. The extract of Le. edodes SMS was sprayed onto the leaves of rice plants, followed by inoculation of the leaves with the conidia of rice blast fungus. The development of lesions was suppressed by treatment with the SMS extract. The extract markedly inhibited the germination of Pyricularia oryzae conidia. We purified compounds 1, 2, and 3, which showed inhibitory effects on conidial germination, from the Le. edodes SMS extract of by successive solvent extraction, column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Spectroscopic analyses revealed that 1, 2, and 3 were phenolic acids with two carboxyl groups in common.

The exercise 'One Stretch' would be effective to improve or prevent LBP in care workers. Our group approach would lead to better compliance with the exercise.

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The occurrence of endometriosis as a soft tissue tumor in orthopaedics is rare. We present a patient who had endometriosis in the inguinal subcutaneous region. A thirty four-year-old woman noticed a bean-sized tumor in the right inguinal re-