Oxidative stress is a major cause of many diseases, it can damage the tissues and lead to lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breakage. Nowadays, researchers have centered medicinal plants in their concern, to benefit from their active component as antioxidant reagents. This study aims to investigate the protective and hemolytic activity, as well as qualitative and quantitative chemical content of plants from Syrian Flora. Ethanol 70% extracts of three plants of Asteraceae; Onopordum carduiforme, Centaurea verutum, and Achillea santolina were prepared to test their protective antioxidant effect on erythrocytes membrane against the oxidative hemolysis which was induced using AAPH. The hemolytic effect of these plants was also evaluated. In addition to the quantitative content of phenols TPC and flavonoids TFC compounds using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods respectively. The basic phytochemical screening was conducted using the standard methods.The results showed a low hemolytic effect of the extracts on erythrocytes, using the concentrations of (1-5 mg/ml). Moreover, they reduced membrane lipid peroxidation significantly; where O. carduiforme showed the highest efficacy of protective activity against hemolytic damage. The phytochemical screening of the plants' extracts showed phenols, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and carbohydrates presence, whereas no alkaloids or saponins were found. TPC and TFC content ranges were between (9.22 ± 0.412 and 13.716 ± 0.431 mg GAE/g DW) and (2.224 ± 0.346 and 8.958 ± 0.216 mg RUE/g DW) respectively.

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Background: Onopordum carduiforme, Centaurea verutum, and Achillea santolina are medicinal plants grown in Syria and commonly used in traditional medicine. Such as antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. However, the genotoxic effects of these plants have not been studied. Aim and objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of hydroethanolic extracts of these plants on human lymphocyte cultures model by evaluating the cell proliferation, determination of mitotic index (MI), and their effects on chromosomes. Methods: the hydroethanolic extracts of the aerial parts of the three plants were extracted using an Ultrasonic bath. Then the genotoxic effects of hydroethanolic extracts of these plants on human lymphocyte cultures was conducting by determination of mitotic index (MI). Results: the results showed that all three plants decreased non-significantly the mean of mitotic index in comparison with negative control (normal MI) (p>0.05) at concentrations (1, 3, 5 mg/ml) and the mitotic index values ranged was between (2.25±0.07 and 3.3±0.28). However, C. verutum showed the lowest mitotic index (3±0.14 at 1 mg/ml) and (2.25±0.07 at 5 mg/ml), and did not induce chromatid or chromosome breaks or gaps. Conclusion: these preliminary results on cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of these plants provide valuable information about the safety of using them in alternative medicine.                    Peer Review History: Received: 11 November 2021; Revised: 13 December; Accepted: 28 December, Available online: 15 January 2022 Academic Editor:  Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id Dr. Dennis Amaechi, MrsFoluBabade Mini Estate , Flat 5 by Old Soldiers Quarter, Sabongari/Bwari, Abuja- Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. amaechitoexcel@yahoo.com  Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my Similar Articles: A STUDY ON DIFFERENT PLANTS OF APOCYNACEAE FAMILY AND THEIR MEDICINAL USES STUDY LITERATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF SOME PLANTS THAT POTENTIALLY AS THE SOLAR SOWS EXPLORING THE ANTIPARASITIC ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS