Twenty-eight strains of the Microsporum gypseum complex isolated from humans and animals were studied. The perfect form was found for 25 of the isolates. Nannizzia incurvata was the species most frequently involved in human pathology, while Nannizzia gypsea was most frequently found on animal lesions. Nannizzia fulva was rarely involved pathologically and Nannizzia corniculata was not isolated during this study. It is surprising to note that this species was not found even though most of our strains (22/28) came from Africa. Reliable methods are not available for differentiating among the anamorphs, which are commonly called M. gypseum, Microsporum fulrum or Microsporum boullardii. The Sabouraud medium conventionally used for medical mycology makes almost no distinction among them. We found that the species could be easily distinguished by colonial and microscopic features when grown on Takashio medium. When strains are atypical, sexual reproduction remains the reference technique but, in most cases, Takashio medium makes it possible to avoid this long drawn-out procedure.The Microsporum gypseum complex is made up of four dermatophytic species of which three, Nannizzia incurvata, Nannizzia gypsea and Nannizzia fulva* belonging to the Gymnoascaceae family, are pathogenic for both man and animals [8]. The fourth species, Nannizz& corniculata, more recently discovered [13], is a saprophyte of the soil and apparently has not been involved pathologically.Even though perfect forms of three of the species of the complex M. gypseum were among the first to be discovered, the anamorphs are frequently confused with each other because of similarities of their morphologies on different versions of Sabouraud medium [3]. Some authors, Stockdale [8], Visset [14] and Rippon [6] have described slight differences but they are inadequate for making exact distinctions. The conidial states of both N. gypsea and N. incurvata are called M. gypseum [2]. The anamorphs of two other species, N. fulva and N. corniculata, are called M. fulvum and M. boullardii, respectively, but identifying the distinctive characteristics of the latter two, or even all four, is not easy.
Summary. Eighty‐one of 449 Gabonese female patients examined were found to be positive for genitopubic white piedra. The association with trichobacteriosis is frequent (53 cases), and mostly seen with inguinal intertrigo. Fifty‐two strains belonging to the genus Trichosporon were isolated from genital hairs as well as from inguinal intertrigo lesions. These strains were identified in accordance with previously defined morphological and biochemical criteria. Three species were recognized. T. mucoides (25 strains), T. inkin (20 strains) and T. asahii (seven strains). Their macroscopic and microscopic morphological properties, as well as their ability to reduce tetrazolium, were determined. In addition, the study of the clinical and pathogenic associations in which each of these strains was involved revealed some of their particular properties. Zusammenfassung. Unter 449 untersuchten gabunesischen Frauen wurden 81 Patientinnen mit weißer Piedra im Genital‐Schamhaar‐Bereich gefunderi. Bei 52 dieser Patientinnen wurde Trichosporon isoliert; die Infektion ging häufig mit Trichobakteriose und meist mit Intertrigo einher. Die isolierten Trichosporon‐Stämme wurden sowohl vom Schamhaar als auch von inguinalen Intertrigo‐Läsionen isoliert. Die Isolate wurden nach den kürzlich definierten morphologischen und biochemischen Kriterien identifiziert. Es wurden drei Arten gefunden: T. mucoides (25 Stämme), T. inkin (20 Stämme) und T. asahii (7 Stämme) Ihre makroskopisch‐ und mikroskopisch‐morphologischen Eigenschaften und ihre Tetrazolium‐Reduktionsfähigkeit werden dargestellt. Bei jedem der Stämme wird auf klinische und pathogenetische Besonderheiten hingewiesen.
Summary. White piedra is a hair infection characterized by nodules composed of fungal elements which envelop the hair shaft. Classically, this infection was considered to be produced by an asexual yeast‐like fungus, Trichosporon beigelii. At present, in accordance with studies carried out previously, this species is subdivided into six newly defined distinct species (T. asshu, T. ovoides, T. inkin, T. mucoides, T. asteroides and T. cutaneum), all belonging to the class Basidiomycetes. Although widespread, white piedra has not previously been described in tropical regions of Africa. The present study, carried out in Libreville (Gabon), an equatorial region of Africa, shows that the incidence of this infection is quite high (18% of 449. inguinal specimens) in the female population aged 15–60 years, with a predominance in young patients (15–44 years). The relationship between the clinical manifestations and the specific hair lesions is also detailed. Three species belonging to the genus Trichosporon were identified: T. mucoides, T. asahii and T. inkin. Zusammenfassung. Die weiße Piedra ist eine Haarinfektion, charakterisiert durch harte Knötchen, die aus Pilzelementen bestehen und den Haarschaft umgeben. In der klassischen Definition wurde diese Infektion als durch Trichosporon beigelii verursacht angesehen, einem asexuellen, hefeähnlichen Pilz. In Übereinstimmung mit neueren Untersuchungen wird diese Art jetzt in sechs selbständige Arten unterteilt: T. asahii, T. ovoides. T. inkin, T. mucoides, T. asteroides and T. cutaneum, die alle zur Klasse der Basidiomyzeten gerechnet werden. Obgleich weit verbreitet, wurde die weißie Piedra niemals in den tropischen Gebieten Afrikas beschrieben. Die vorliegende Studie, durchgeführt in Libreville (Gabun), einer äquatorialafrikanischen Region, zeigt, daß die Häufigkeit dieser Infektion ganz beträchtlich ist, nämlich bei 18% von 449 Untersuchungsproben der Inguinalregion in der weiblichen, zwischen 15 und 60 Jahre alten Bevölkerung, vorherrschend bei jüngeren Patientinnen im Alter von 15–44 Jahren. Die klinischen Manifestationen und die spezifischen Haarbefunde werden im Einzelnen dargestellt. Es wurden drei Arten der Gattung Trichosporon gefunden: T. mucoides, T. asahii, T. inkin.
Summary. Fifty‐two Trichosporon strains isolated from Gabonese female patients 15–60 years, were studied. The identity of these strains was established by two different methods: the method proposed by Guého et al. (1992), based on mycological criteria, and a slide agglutination method performed with monospecific antisera prepared in our laboratory. The final results show a perfect correlation between the two methods, which allowed us to identify 25 strains of T. mucoides, 21 strains of T. inkin and seven strains of T. asahii. The results of the agglutination tests performed with 24‐h‐old subcultures grown on Sabouraud glucose agar are available in less than 15 mins. In the light of these results, it appears that this method, which is rapid and easy to perform and reproduce, may readily be used in hospital laboratories. In addition, this method allowed us to verify the presence of antigens common to the genera Cryptococcus and Trichosporon, which were easily shown by the use of crude sera. The fact that the anti‐Triehosporon monospecific sera lose their capacity to agglutinate Cryptococcus neoformans proves their high specificity. Zusammenfassung. Die Identität von 52 Trichosporon‐Stämmen, isoliert von gabunesischen Frauen im Alter zwischen 15 und 60 Jahren. wurden nach zwei unterschiedlichen Methoden identifiziert: 1. Nach der Methode von Guého et al. 1992, die auf mykologischen Kriterien beruht. und 2. mittels einer Objektträger‐Agglutinations‐methode unter Verwendung monospezifscher, in unserem Labor hergestellter Antiseren. Die Ergebnisse belegen eine vollkommene Korrelation zwischen beiden Methoden, die es erlaubte, 25 Stämme von T. mucoides, 21 Stämme von T. inkin und 7 Stämme von T. asahii zu identifizieren. Die Agglutinationsreaktionen wurden mil 24 h alten Subkulturen auf Sabouraud‐Glucose‐Agar durchgeführt; ihre Ergebnisse waren in weniger als 15 Minuten verfügbar. Auf dem Hintergrund dieser Befunde wird diese Methode als schnell, leicht durchführbar und sicher reproduzierbar für die allgemeine Anwendung in Krankenhauslaboratorien empfohlen. In dieser Studie war auch der Besitz gemeinsamer Antigene bei den Gattungen Cryptococcus und Trichosporon nachweisbar, wenn Rohseren verwendet wurden. Der Nachweis, daß monospezifische Anti‐Trichosporon‐Seren die Fähigkeit verlieren, Cryptococcus neoformans zu agglutinieren, belegt ihre hohe Spezifität.
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