A field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture (RVSKVV), Indore during kharif (July–October) 2019 to study on physiological parameter, symbiotic efficiency, productivity and profitability of soybean as influenced by liquid bio-inoculants and mulch under Vertisols in relation to ten treatments. Results revealed that the higher growth attributes, physiological parameters and symbiotic parameters were recorded under Rhizobium+phosphours solubilizing bacteria (PSB)+mulch+foliar spray of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) @ 20 ml l-1 water in comparison to other treatments. The highest seed yield (1232 kg ha-1), straw yield (1537 kg ha-1), protein content (41.72%) and protein yield (51628 kg ha-1) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB (seed inoculation)+mulch (wheat straw @ 5.0 t ha-1)+foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml lml l-1 water (at 35 days and flowering stage), which was at par with Rhizobium+mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 10 ml l-1 water, PSB +mulch+foliar spray of PGPR @ 15 ml l-1 water and Rhizobium+PSB +mulch. The maximum gross returns (Rs. 48768 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 20762 ha-1), B:C ratio (1.74), production efficiency (14.0 kg ha-1 day-1) and economic efficiency (Rs. 235.93 ha-1) were also recorded under above treatment. Significantly higher nutrient uptake (82.61 and 35.31 kg N, 4.72 and 8.49 kg P, 24.17 and 41.27 kg K by seed and straw, respectively) were obtained under Rhizobium+PSB+mulch +foliar spray of PGPR @ 20 ml l-1 water.

Background: Farmers are facing many constraints related with pigeonpea cultivation therefore proper resources management and scientific practices can increase the production and productivity of pigeonpea. Drip and mulching can be a way to achieve the goal of more crop per drop. Methods: The field experiments were conducted during kharif season of year 2016-17 and 2017-18. The study area is located (23°16'48'' N-latitude, 77°21'36'' E-longitude) in Madhya Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in vertisols with twenty seven treatment combinations consisting of three mulching, three discharge rate (2 lph-D1, 4 lph-D2 and 8 lph-D3) and three irrigation levels viz. 60% CPE (I1), 80% CPE (I2) and 100% CPE (I3). Well treated bold seeds of pigeonpea (TJT-501) were dibbed in soil on ridge-furrow land configuration. Result: The plant height was maximum in 2 lph (175.78 cm), I2 (176.10 cm) and number of branches, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod also followed the same trend. Maximum yield was registered with D1 (16.48 q/ha) followed by D2 (14.91 q/ha) and D3 (14.46 q/ha). Irrigation level I2 (16.01 q/ha) registered 13.77% higher seed yield than I1 (14.07 q/ha). In case of discharge rate, B:C decreased as rate increased. Among irrigation level treatments, lowest value (1.26) of B:C recorded with 60% CPE whereas highest B:C (1.56) was registered with 80% CPE, which is at par with 100% CPE (1.52). It can be concluded that pigeonpea cultivation is not economical with mulch and 100% supply of irrigation during kharif. It is viable to supply irrigation as per CPE only at branching, flowering and pod development stages.

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2018-19 at Horticulture farm, RAK College of Agriculture, Sehore (M.P.) to study the effect of different weed management practices on growth and yield of cauliflower. The treatments namely - T1- Weedy check (control), T2- Weed free (through hand weeding) at 30 & 60 DAT, T3 -Pendimethalin 30% EC (PE) + one hand weeding at 30 DAT, T4 Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC (PE) + one hand weeding at 30 DAT, T5 - Propaquizafop 10% EC (POE) + one hand weeding at 60 DAT, T6 -Wheat straw mulch 5kg/plot, T7- Black plastic mulch (150 mm) were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. Results indicated that the there was no weed under T7 -black plastic mulch (150 mm) at all the stages. The maximum weed control efficiency (98%) was found with the treatment T7 - black plastic mulch (150 mm) at all the stages i.e. at 30, 60 and 90 DAT. The minimum weed index (0.00, 0.00 and 0.00%) was found with the treatment T7 (Black plastic mulch (150 mm) at all the stages. The maximum curd length, curd width, total curd weight (g) and curd yield (q ha-1) was recorded T7- black plastic mulch (150 mm) with the maximum net return (Rs. 75772.58 per ha).While the lowest net return was found under T1 (Weedy check) (Rs. 21405.34 per ha) treatment. The maximum B: C ratio (1:4.0) was recorded in case of treatment T3 [Pendimethalin 30% EC (PE) + 1HW at 30 DAT].