Vitamin D deficiency is common in human immunodeficiency virus–tuberculosis coinfected patients in Cape Town. Those who develop tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome have a further reduction in circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels 2 weeks into combined antiretroviral therapy with a concomitant increase in inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

One-hundred-and-fifty-four tetanus patients and 118 normal persons were typed for 27 HLA antigens of A and B loci. There was no significant difference in the frequency of any of these antigens between the normal controls and the tetanus patients. Classification of the patients into mild, moderate and severe also did not show any significant deviation in the frequency of HLA antigens from the controls.Percentage E-rosettes in normal individuals showed lower values among a low socioeconomic group. The values for E-rosettes among tetanus patients were similar to those observed in low socioeconomic normal individuals.The distribution of ABO and Rho (D) groups among the tetanus patients were not significantly different from the fequencies in the normal population.

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