No abstract

The reliability of the results obtained in scientific and economic experiments on the study of the effectiveness of the use of various feed components, including biologically active substances in the rearing of broilers needs to be confi rmed in production conditions. The purpose of the research was to study the joint use of enzyme drugs and lecithin in the rearing of broiler chickens. The results of production experiment on the study of the effectiveness of the joint inclusion of enzyme drugs Sunzyme and Sunfyse 5000 as well as lecithin in the diet of broiler chickens of the cross Ross-308 have been presented in the article. Production tests have been carried out under the conditions of the breeding farm “Achkhoy– Martanovsky” in the Chechen Republic. The duration of the experiment was 45 days. For research on the principle of analog groups two groups have been formed: a control group and an experimental group of 1000 heads in each. The broilers of the control group have been fed compound feed prepared in accordance with the growing period and consisting mainly of grain components of local production. The broilers of the experimental group have been fed the same compound feed, but with the addition of two enzyme drugs Sanzyme and Sanfyse 5000 (100 g/t of feed) as well as lecithin (10 g/kg of feed). The results of the production experiment fully confi rmed the data obtained in the scientific and economic experiment. The positive effect of the joint use of the studied enzyme drugs and lecithin has been manifested in all the studied productive traits. In particular, the increase in live weight of broilers increased by 12,1 %, slaughter yield by 3,5 %, the yield of carcasses of the 1st category by 3,0 %. The main economic indicators also found their confirmation: feed consumption per unit of growth decreased by 11,7 %, additional profit was received in the amount of 27308,2 rubles, the level of profitability of broiler rearing increased by 18,4 %.

В настоящее время обеспеченность полноценными кормами животных, пасущихся на природных пастбищах Прикаспия, очень низка она составляет в среднем по регионам от 10 до 41. Правильный подбор видов и сортов кормовых растений, продуктивных и устойчивых, это первый этап создания прочной кормовой базы. Одним из путей решения этой проблемы является интродукция, то есть натурализация и акклиматизация растений в новых для них условиях среды. Интродукция растений особенно актуальна для регионов со сложными природноклиматическими условиями. Приведены результаты исследования возможности интродукции кормового растения сорго многолетнее (Sorghum derzhavinii Tzvel.) в полупустынных почвенноклиматических условиях Северного Прикаспия. Регион проведения опыта Астраханская область. Коэффициент аридности составляет 0,11 0,30 (сильно аридная зона). За год осадков выпадает в пределах 125 265мм. Продолжительность периода с температурами выше 10С составляет 165 170 дней. Сумма эффективных температур достигает 3200 3500С. Испаряемость в 3 5 раз превышает количество выпавших осадков. Вероятность сухих и засушливых лет превышает 60. По результатам исследования было выявлено, что сорго многолетнее является неприхотливым к почвенным условиям растением, способным к произрастанию на малогумусных (0,75) солонцеватых почвах. Лучшие показатели урожайности зелёной массы отмечены у сорта Травинка в варианте 40 тыс. растений на 1 га: при поливе 41,6 т/га, на богаре 7,9 т/га у сорта Караван при густоте стояния 20 тыс. растений на 1 га: при поливе 24,8 т/га, на богаре 3,9 т/га. С 1 га кормового угодья сорго можно получить при поливе 2,2 8,5, на богаре 0,4 2,5 т корм. ед. Pastures of the Caspian region provide insufficient amount of highquality fodder, satisfying only 10 41 of total demand. Stabilization of forage resources requires optimal combination of highproductive and resistant crop species and varieties. Introduction of new crops into local environment is one of the ways improving forage availability, particularly for the regions with severe climate. Performance of perennial sorghum (Sorghum derzhavinii Tzvel.) was tested under strong dry climate in the Astrakhan region. Annual precipitation rate is 125 265 mm. Temperature of above 10С stays for 165 170 days. Growing degree days reach 3200 3500С. Evaporation rate exceeds precipitation by 3 5 times. Probability of dry years reaches 60. Sorghum showed good adaptability to soil and was able to grow on lowhumus (0.75) alkaline soil. Variety Travinka performed the best under plant density of 40 thousand plants per 1 ha: when irrigating 41.6 t ha1, under dry farming 7.9 t ha1. Karavan yielded the most under plant density of 20 thousand plants per 1 ha: under water supply 24.8 t ha1, without irrigation 3.9 t ha1. Sorghum could yield 2.2 8.5 and 0.4 2.5 t feed units ha1 under irrigation and dry conditions, respectively.

No abstract

For the ecological restoration of desert lands, the dominant species of fodder plants of the natural flora of the violent and patient ecology were used: Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst., Bassia prostrata (L.) A.J. Scott, Camphorosma lessingii Litv., Artemisia lerhiana L., A. pauciflora Web., Poa bulbosa L. in various quantitative ratios in mixtures. Polydominant pasture ecosystems occupy different tiers of height in the aboveground sphere: semi-shrubs – up to 120-140 cm, dwarf semi-shrubs – up to 45-75 cm, ephemeroid grasses – up to 15-25 cm. This ensures efficient placement of the leaf apparatus for efficient photosynthesis. In the underground sphere, various life forms of fodder plants form root systems and develop various ecological niches for more efficient use of water and mineral resources of a large volume of soil. Polydominant pasture ecosystems, which include various plant life forms, provide higher feed production, which exceeds the production of natural pastures by 3-5 times.