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Compared to the traditional energy resources, photovoltaic (PV) system that uses the solar energy to produce electricity considered as one of renewable energies has a great potential and developing increasingly fast compared to its counterparts of renewable energies. Such systems can be either stand-alone or connected to utility grid. However, the disadvantage is that PV generation depended on weather conditions. Thus there is also a need for developing control techniques for three phase grid connected PV systems including a method for DC link voltage control that stabilizes the voltage at the inverter input to insure a continuous flow of energy exchange between the grid and the PV system. An LC filter also is necessary to filter the output current and voltage from the harmonics and protect the grid from their destructive effect. This paper presents detailed modeling of the grid-connected photovoltaic generation system components, in Simulink / MATLAB software. Simulation results presented here validate the component models and the chosen control schemes.

With the continuous decrease of the cost of solar cells, there is an increasing interest and needs in photovoltaic (PV) system applications following standard of living improvements. Water pumping system powered by solar-cell generators are one of the most important applications. The fluctuation of solar energy on one hand, and the necessity to optimise available solar energy on the other, it is useful to develop new efficient and flexible modes to control motors that entrain the pump. A vectorial control of an asynchronous motor fed by a photovoltaic system is proposed. This paper investigates a photovoltaic-electro mechanic chain, composed of a PV generator, DC-AC converter, a vector controlled induction motor and centrifugal pump. The PV generator is forced to operate at its maximum power point by using an appropriate search algorithm integrated in the vector control. The optimization is realized without need to adding a DC-DC converter to the chain. The motor supply is also ensured in all insolation conditions. Simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of such an approach.K e y w o r d s:

Thesubject of this paper is a modeling method of switched reluctance generator (SRG) based on the nonlinear inductance model and electromagnetic field finite element analysis (FEA) to be used in wind energy applications. SRG and its behavior, modeling and Simulations results are presented. It was analyzed the characteristics of the SRG under different conditions. The nonlinear inductance model allows us to develop a control strategy that gives high performance controller with a closed loop was designed on PI controller

Fraunhofer IMS develops and fabricates far-infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA) using microbolometers with a pixel pitch of 17μm technology realized on top of a 0.35 μm CMOS readout integrated circuit (ROIC). The microbolometers are encapsulated by a Chip-Scale-Package (CSP) to ensure a high quality vacuum level. The CSP is realized by placing an infrared transparent lid above a solder frame surrounding the microbolometer array. To concept a wafer-level test it is very challenging to implement highly accurate electrical stimuli and a far infrared radiation source (black body) while affecting the wafer-prober handling by a non-flat wafer surface, due to the infrared transparent lids of the CSP. Accordingly, wafer-level test has been developed based on a PC which controls, by using a test program, the wafer handling of a prober, the electrical stimuliof a test hardware, and the far-infrared radiation such as the optical stimuli. Thus, the most important electro-optical parameters of IRFPAs will be measured at wafer-level: Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD), responsivity, and the percentage of the defective pixels