The purpose of this research was to analyze factors influencing farmers' decision to increase beef cattle business scale through improved technology. The research was conducted by using a survey method. Five districts were purposively selected in three base areas and two non-base areas of beef cattle in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Twenty beef cattle groups were selected based on the largest cattle population managed and their performance, while 196 respondents were randomly selected. Farmers' decision to increase beef cattle business scale was determined using a probit model. Result of the research indicated that the number of family labor and expectation to increase income had a significantly positive influence on the farmers' decision to increase beef cattle business scale. It meant that if the total number of family labor increased, so did the farmers' decision to increase the beef cattle business scale. Also, if the expectation to revenue increased, so did the farmers' decision to increase the beef cattle business scale. On the contrary, education level and business risk had negative significant influence on the farmers' decision to increase the beef cattle business scale with the significance levels of 1.1 and 0.84, respectively.

Food insecurity is still a major issue in developing countries, like Indonesia, particularly in East Nusa Tenggara Province. 11 of 21 districts in this province are facing food insecurity. Therefore, efforts should be made to alleviate food insecurity in the community. One way is developing leading food commodities based on local wisdom. The aim of this study is to find a method for developing leading food commodities based on local wisdom, which can be applied in East Nusa Tenggara Province. This study uses secondary data taken and reviewed by the government. The data show that agricultural commodity cultivation the food-insecure area in East Nusa Tenggara is not specialized in certain agricultural commodities, meaning various agricultural commodities are available in various districts and they are not concentrated into a certain district. The availability of commodities is relatively spreading in various districts and is not concentrated in a certain district, although each district has particular leading commodities. Paddy can be cultivated in every food-insecure district except for the East and West Manggarai districts. It depends on the climatic conditions, temperature, humidity and the effort to procure adequate means of irrigation. Upland paddy "gogo", cassava, corn, soybeans, peanuts and sweet potatoes can be cultivated in all district by adjusting appropriate cropping patterns during rainfall, temperature, and humidity suitable for the commodities. The improvement of food security in order to overcome food insecurity in 11 of 21 districts in East Nusa Tenggara should be done by promoting local wisdom, especially by the development of agricultural cultivation based on customs and local potency. Increased focus needs to be put on local potentials regarding the development of staple foods, with the support of all parties and active participation of the community.

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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur nilai tambah ternak kambing dan domba dengan sistem pemberian pakan cut and carry dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas ternak serta nilai tambah pemanfaatan kotoran untuk produktivitas tanaman. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Deli Serdang dengan menentukan dua kecamatan sebagai lokasi penelitian yaitu Kecamatan Tanjung Morawa dan Kecamatan Bangun Purba. Penentuan lokasi dilakukan secara purposive sampling berdasarkan populasi ternak ruminansia kecil dan luas perkebunan sawit yang terdapat di dua kecamatan tersebut. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 100 sampel terdiri dari 50 responden peternak kambing dan 50 peternak domba yang ada di areal perkebunan kelapa sawit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pemilikan kambing di lokasi penelitian sebanyak 18 sampai 24 ekor. Penampilan reproduksi kambing dan domba mendekati rata-rata secara umum. Jumlah induk, pakan dari kelapa sawit dan tanaman sela, jenis ternak dan lokasi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap produktivitas ternak (P<0,01). Kambing menyumbang kotoran sebanyak 16,86 % dan 11,26 % dari total pohon kelapa sawit yang ada di Tanjung Murawa dan Bangun Purba, sedangkan domba menyumbang kotoran 21,49% dan 22,56 % dari total pohon kelapa sawit. Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman dan ternak maka disarankan untuk menambah populasi ternak, meningkatkan teknologi dan diversifikasi usaha melalui kerjasama dengan badan pemerintah, perguruan tinggi dan swasta. Kata kunci :ruminansia kecil, model integrated farming ABSTRACTThis research was done to measure the added value of goat and sheep with cut and carry system and influencing factors of goat/sheep productivity and to measure the added value of manure to palm productivity. The research was done in Deli Serdang Regency by determining two districts as research area: Tanjung Morawa District and Bangun Purba District. Location was determined by purposive sampling technique based on population of small ruminants and area of oil palm plantation in both districts. Sample consisted of 50 goat farmers and 50 sheep farmers. Results indicated that farmers have 18 to 24 heads of goats or sheep. Performance of goat and sheep reproduction tended to similar to genereral performance. Amount of doe, feed from palm oil and intercropped plant, livestock type and location influence significantly at livestock productivity (P<0.01). Goat contributed manure 16.86% and 11.26% of total palm trees in Tanjung Morawa and Bangun Purba, respectively, while sheep contributed manure 21.49% and 22.56% of total palm trees, respectively. Therefore, it was necessary to increase population of livestock, to increase technology and diversification of production. It may be done by Integrated Farming Model of Small Ruminants (T.A. Kusumastuti et al ) 115establishing partnership with local government, animal of science office and private corporation .