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Four field experiments were conducted in Sids Agricultural Research Station to study the response of faba bean and chickpea crops to various weed densities as well as the economic feasibility of weed control methods, two experiments for each crop were conducted during 2005/06 and 2006/07 winter seasons.Both faba bean and chickpea yields were inversely proportional to weed density, the minimum weed density which faba bean and chickpea can tolerated it equal 15 and 10 weeds/m 2 which cause 2 and 3% yield reduction, respectively. Meanwhile, weed density level which exert yield losses exceeded 50% equal 360 weeds/m 2 or 400 plants/m 2 from canary grass in faba bean crop, 210 weeds/m 2 or 250 plant/m 2 from canary grass in chickpea crop, respectively. Economic threshold where the cost of weed control inputs equal financially the gained yield of weed control was at 8, 20, 42 and 9, 22 and 60 (weed density/m 2 ), for Fusilade, hand hoeing and Gesagard + Fusilade treatments in the same respective. Depending on these results chickpea considered more susceptible to weed competition than faba bean where the corresponding values of weed density which cause 2%, yield losses or the highest potential yield losses 73 and 100%, respectively.All weed control treatments either by mechanical or chemical by Gesagard at 1.5 l/fed or Gesagard at 1.5 l/fed pre emergence +Fusilade super at 500 cm 3 /fed post emergence and Gesagard at 1.5 l/fed pre emergence+ Select super at 250 cm 3 /fed. post emergence caused yield increases exceeded the economic threshold levels in faba bean and chickpea crops.Thus, the estimation of weed density can be used to predict faba bean and chickpea seed yield loss due to weed competition which help in making rationale decisions for weed control by hand hoeing, Gesagard, Gesagard+ Fusilade super or + select super at mentioned rates per feddan, in these crops.

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and 2016/17 seasons, to study the effect of intercropping soybean (cover crop) with sugarcane crop, sole sugarcane and weed control treatments i.e. (Stomp at 1.75 l/f. hand hoeing twice at 25 and 45 days after planting and unweeded check) as the integrated weed control on fresh and dry weight of weeds (g/m 2 ) and yield of primary crop (sugarcane) and secondary crop (soybean) which intercropping with sugarcane in natural infested soil by weeds. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) under split plot arrogant with four replication, intercropping treatments was put in the main plots and weed control treatment in split plots with four replications for each treatment.The infestation rates in field experiments were 8.79 ton/fed broad-leaved weeds, 8.66 ton/fed grassy and 17.45 ton/fed total weeds in 2015/16 season and 11.86 ton/fed broad-leaved weeds, 7.05 ton/fed grassy weeds and 18.91 ton/fed total weeds in 2016/17 season. Intercropping soybean with sugarcane reduced fresh weight of total weeds at 75 days after planting about 56 to 59%, as well as improvement sugarcane yield attributes traits such as stalk length, diameter, number of stalk/fed and number of internodes/stalk which reflected on cane yield and sugar yield ton/fed. in both seasons, compared to sole sugarcane.Weed control by hand hoeing twice and Stomp at the rate of 1.75 l/f. reduced fresh weight of total weeds at 75 days after planting by about 81 to 85% and 69 to 72%, respectively, compared to unweeded check, and increased stalks and top yield (ton/fed.) of sugarcane than unweeded check in average of both seasons.The interaction effect between intercropping soybean with sugarcane and weed control treatments decreased were significantly fresh weight of total weeds, improved sugarcane yield attributes traits and cane and top yield (ton/fed.) of sugarcane compared to the sole sugarcane and without weed control. Intercropping soybean and without weed control treatments reduced fresh weight of total weeds at 75 after day planting by 71.71 and 70.01% than sole sugarcane and without weed control treatments. Hand hoeing twice reduced fresh weight total weeds at 75 after day planting by 93.78 and 87.91% with sole sugarcane and by 87.78 and 87.66% with intercropping soybean in 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons, respectively, compared to sole sugarcane and without weed control. Using Stomp at 1.75 l/fed reduced fresh weight of total weeds at 75 after day planting by 85.24 and 84.35% under intercropping soybean and by 75.45 and 80.42% under sole sugarcane in 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons, respectively, compared to sole sugarcane and without weed control.From this investigate cane be recommended to sowing sugarcane fields intercropping with soybean legume crop as the animal feeding and weed control by hand hoeing twice or Stomp at the rate 1.75 l/fed to overcome on weeds problems and increased sugarcane productivity as well as increased gross income by productivity the second crops (soybean as a forage crop).

Two field experiments were carried out at Sids Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt during 2004 and 2005 summer seasons to study the effect of three possible integration between seedbed preparation by mechanical tillage i.e. mouldboard plow + rotary plow, chisel plow three passes + rotary plow, chisel plow two passes ( farmer treatment), intercropping sunflower with soybean, sole sunflower and weed control treatments (pendimethalin at 875 g/fed., fluazifop butyl at 62.5 g/fed., hand-hoeing twice and unweeded check) on fresh weight of weeds, yield and its components of primary crop (sunflower) and second crop soybean which intercropped with sunflower in natural infested soil by weeds.In both seasons, the main findings mentioned seedbed preparation by mouldboard plow + rotary plow and chisel plow + rotary; sunflower and soybean intercropping and weed control treatments (Pendimethalin hand-hoeing twice and fluazifop butyl) reduced weed biomass ranged from (17 -52), (34 -76) and (20 -96%), respectively. The previous three factors increased seed yield ranged from (2 -18), (6 -8) and (29 -63%), as well as, they gave the highest profitability ranged from (16 -56), (36 -60) and (25 -76%), respectively.Different possible interactions between the three studied factors referred that the use of two or three combination of them increased the potential of reducing weed biomass and increasing sunflower productivity and consequently increased the profitability as compared with any single. Thus tillage systems, intercropping and weed control treatments can be used as compatible tactics for weed management with improving sunflower production.