Cereal Chem. 78(3):363-367Knowledge of the presence and magnitude of cultivar-by-environment (C × E) interactions is important to plant breeders in making decisions regarding the development and evaluation of new cultivars. In this study, 16 winter wheat cultivars were grown in 11 environments in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The winter wheat (Tritcum aestivum L.) cultivars displayed a broad range of quality, and the different environments represented a broad range of environmental conditions. Test weight (TW), grain protein content (GP), sedimentation value (SED), wet gluten (WG), farinograph absorption (FAB), farinograph dough development time (FDT), quality number (FQN), resistance to extension (ER), loaf volume (LV), and baking score (BS) were measured. Highly significant differences were detected among the environments and cultivars for each of the quality variables. Significant C × E interactions indicated that the breadmaking quality evaluations must be undertaken for several environments. The WG trait showed a significant positive correlation with TW, GP, SED, LV, and BS. Path analysis indicated that GP, the most important component of quality, exhibited not only large direct effects but also large indirect ones on LV through SED, WG, FAB, and FDT. The correlation among the selected traits may be useful in future breeding programs.

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Cognition about chemical composition and nutritive values of the triticale grain as well as the effect of its applying in nonruminant animal nutrition were pointed out in this paper. Triticale showed high level of proteins in the grain (2-3% more than wheat and 4% more than rye), with very beneficial amino acid composition, what is the reason for its usage in domestic animals nutrition. There are opinions that triticale is one of potentially most perspective species as nutrition, and examination of its nutritive values is necessary regard the fact that its growing is more and more higher nowadays. Based on that examination it is supposed to be suitable in domestic animals nutrition. Thanks to intensive plant breeding programs, there are many new, commercial, more yielding varieties, with series of desirable characteristics, which give their contribution this variety to become more attractive and spread on larger areas. These results will show if triticale has an advantage over other cereals and in which percentage it will have influence on further increasing of areas under this crop.

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The presence of two maternal chromosome sets in triploid barley endosperm allows the distinction of maternal and paternal hordein bands in an electrophoregram: the maternal bands are stronger due to the higher gene dose. In the F1 generation there are differences between reciprocal crosses and in the F2 generation all 16 classes that are theoretically possible for a pair of polymorphic loci can be distinguished. This full classification is rarely possible in genetic studies, and allows more accurate estimates of recombination rates. Two hordein gene clusters (Hor1 and Hor2, corresponding to hordein C and hordein B respectively) were analyzed in hybrids obtained by crossing two winter barley cultivars Partizan and HWV-247. Hordein separation was performed by acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 3.2 (A-PAGE). A set of most informative bands of B and C hordeins was selected in each cross by two criteria: (1) presence or absence of bands in the parents and (2) signal strength to allow doses scoring. The average genetic distance between Hor1 and Hor2 loci was 11 cM. Distances in male and female maps were not significantly different, suggesting a similar recombination rate in male and female meiosis