A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of LED lighting on the growth of seedlings of hybrid tomato plants. Four hybrids (Captain F1, Refiner F1, Coral Reef F1 and Fire F1), seven treatments of irradiators (monochromatic red, green, blue, white) and three dual light treatments (green+blue, blue+red, green+red) were carried out in the laboratory of artificial climate. Radiation with monochromatic had a role in increasing hypocotyl length, the height of plant, transpiration and stomata connection. The results have shown a significant effect on radiation with monochromatic red on hypocotyl length (73.00mm) and the height of plant (30.94cm). Plants radiation with monochromatic blue gave the highest transpiration (4.69 mmol/m2.s) and stomatal conductance (0.30 mol./m2.s). The dual radiation had a role in increasing dry weight for the plant and leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD). Radiation with (green+red) provided the best stem dry weight (0.91g). Plants irradiated with (green+blue) exhibited the highest leaf dry weight and root dry weight (1.96g and 3.12g respectively). Plants radiation with (blue + red) showed the highest leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) (559.19). In the monochromatic light, the effect of hybrid Fire F1 showed the highest hypocotyl length (64.11mm) and height of plant (29.00 cm), and hybrid Refind F1 had the highest transpiration (3.58 mmol/m2.s) and stomatal conductance (0.23 mol./m2.s). In the binary spectral effect, the hybrid Coral reef F1 resulted the highest stem dry weight, leaf dry weight and root dry weight (0.68 g,1.76 g and 2.39g respectively), and hybrid Refind F1 had the highest leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) (468.27).

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Технологии аэро- и гидропоники – вершина технологий для защищенного грунта. Для производителей овощей большой интерес представляет многоярусная гидропоника. Один из вариантов ее реализации – многоярусная установка «Фитопирамида». Она предназначена для бессубстратного выращивания растений аэроводным методом (субирригационная аэропоника). Первым этапом селекционного процесса по созданию гибридов для малообъемной культуры типа «Фитопирамида» стало сравнительное испытание сортов и гибридов томата с различной окраской и массой плода. Предварительные эксперименты показали эффективность и хорошую приспособленность томатов с детерминантным типом роста для условий «Фитопирамиды». Поэтому было принято решение испытать два коммерческих детерминантных гибрида, отличающихся по скороспелости, массе и окраске плода. Для основного питания в технологии «Фитопирамида» используется раствор удобрений постоянного состава, специально подобранный для культуры томата. Однако из литературы известно, что растения томата на различных этапах развития нуждаются в специфических соотношениях основных элементов и микроэлементов, поэтому для оптимизации роста и развития растений было предложено испытать несколько вариантов некорневых подкормок. Цель работы: подбор и оценка сортимента детерминантных томатов на пригодность к возделыванию в условиях этой технологии, изучение влияния на урожайность двух детерминантных гибридов различных некорневых подкормок, а также оценка уровня взаимодействия «сорт-вариант подкормки» на основе статистического анализа результатов. Исследования, проведенные в 2019-2020 годах, позволяют сделать предварительные выводы. Из 24 испытанных детерминантных гибридов выделены наиболее раннеспелые, с относительно высоким показателем содержания сухого вещества, ликопина. Гибрид F1Розанна более пригоден для условий «Фитопирамиды», это достоверно и по признаку урожайности, и по признаку продуктивности. Из исследуемых вариантов применения минеральных удобрений наилучшие и достоверные результаты были получены в варианте 3NPK; на основании статистической обработки установлен оптимальный вариант взаимодействия «сорт-уровень минерального питания» – гибрид F1Розанна на фоне 3NPK. Aeroponics and hydroponics technologies are one of the most advanced today. For vegetable growers, multi-tiered hydroponics is of great interest. One of its variants is the multi-tier plant Fitopiramida – designed for soilless growing of plants by the air method (subirrigation aeroponics). The first stage of the breeding process to create hybrids for a small-volume crop such as Fitopiramidа was a comparative test of varieties and hybrids of tomato with different colours and fruit weights. Preliminary experiments have shown the effectiveness and good adaptability of tomatoes of the determinant type of growth for the conditions of Fitopiramida. Therefore, it was decided to test 2 commercial determinant hybrids, differing in early maturity, weight and colour of the fruit. For the main nutrition in the Fitopiramidаtechnology, a solution of fertilizers of constant composition is used, specially selected for the tomato culture. However, it is known from the literature that tomato plants at various stages of development need specific ratios of basic elements and microelements, therefore, to optimize plant growth and development, it was proposed to test several options for foliar feeding. The aim of the work was the selection and assessment of the assortment of determinant tomatoes for suitability for cultivation under the conditions of this technology, the study of the effect on the yield of 2 determinant hybrids of different foliar dressings, as well as the assessment of the level of interaction «variety-option of feeding» based on the statistical analysis of the results. Research carried out in 2019-2020 allow us to draw preliminary conclusions: from 24 tested determinant hybrids, the earliest ripening, with a relatively high level of dry matter content, lycopene, were isolated; the F1Rozanna hybrid is more suitable for the conditions of the Fitopyramida. This is reliable, both in terms of yield and in terms of productivity. Among the investigated options for the use of mineral fertilizers, the most maximum and reliable results were obtained in the 3NPK option; on the basis of statistical processing, the optimal variant of the interaction «variety-level of mineral nutrition» was established - hybrid F1 Rozanna against the background of 3NPK.

In modern conditions of progressive environmental pollution, the need to save water and electricity, the production of fresh vitamin, environmentally friendly vegetable products on multi-tiered plants can be considered an urgent task. The article discusses the results of experiments on the development of individual elements of tomato production technology on a hydroponic multi-tiered pipe growing plant "Fitopiramida ". It was revealed that 2 foliar dressings at a dose (N: P: K 10:54:10) 2.5 g / l + Maxifol 2 g / l) - have a significant effect on the productivity and productivity of determinant tomato hybrids Flame F1 and Rosana F1, providing a yield increase in comparison with the control by 7.87 kg / m2 and 2.52 kg / m2, respectively. Testing of 24 varieties and hybrids of the determinant type made it possible to identify the 3 most early ripening varieties with a ripening period of 85-90 days. Based on the analysis of the test results, the directions of tomato selection for the conditions of low-volume technology are outlined. The main features are formulated for the determinant hybrid model for the " Fitopiramida " technology.

Greenhouse tomatoes are divided into early, medium and late-maturing. The days from seedling germination to the first harvest are taken into account. Tomato has a huge potential for heterosis in terms of precocity, overall yield, signs of resistance and uniformity. The preferred agricultural method is hydroponics, which allows you to grow plants without using soil, only using mineral nutrient solutions in water. The cultivation of tomato plants on the " Fitopyramida " will allow to sell their products in the periods with the highest realized prices. An experiment on variety testing of 11 tomato hybrids of different product groups that differ in precocity allowed us to select the most adapted to the conditions of the " Fitopyramida " technology, including the indeterminate beef Ruddy ball F1, cherry hybrids Elf F1 and orange-fruited cherry Magic harp F1. the determinant hybrid Captain F1 showed Good results.