No abstract

As mobile phone usage is growing rapidly, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis of the literature to inform scientific debates about the adverse effects of mobile phone radiation on sperm quality traits. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of the eligible published research studies on human males of reproductive age. Eleven studies were eligible for this analysis. Based on the meta-analysis, mobile phone use was significantly associated with deterioration in semen quality (Hedges's g = -0.547; 95% CI: -0.713, -0.382; p < 0.001). The traits particularly affected adversely were sperm concentration, sperm morphology, sperm motility, proportion of non-progressive motile sperm (%), proportion of slow progressive motile sperm (%), and sperm viability. Direct exposure of spermatozoa to mobile phone radiation with study designs in vitro also significantly deteriorated the sperm quality (Hedges's g = -2.233; 95% CI: -2.758, -1.708; < 0.001), by reducing straight line velocity, fast progressive p motility, Hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test score, major axis (µm), minor axis (µm), total sperm motility, perimeter (µm), area (µm ), average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, motile spermatozoa, and acrosome reacted spermatozoa (%). The strength of evidence for the different outcomes varied from very low to very high. The analysis shows that mobile phone use is possibly associated with a number of deleterious effects on the spermatozoa.

A questionnaire based study on various clinical complications related to different body systems of pigs with special reference to respiratory system has been carried out in fifty different pig farms of Hassan district, Karnataka state during the period from April 2019 to March 2020. The clinical problems related to digestive system were in the highest order (96%) followed by systemic/ fever (80%), skin problems (64%). The problems related to the respiratory system like coughing, laboured breathing, nasal discharge, and dryness of snout etc, (46%), reproductive problems (38%), endoparasites (28%), urinary system (12%). The complications related to nervous system (10%) was also observed. The respiratory problems appeared at considerable levels. Further detailed analysis related to the respiratory diseases caused by the various agents along with the managemental and environmental factors is warranted for the future studies to know the major factors involved in inducing the respiratory problems in pigs of the study area.