Results of study of mineral composition of Uskol lake bottom sediments are given in the present work. Uskol lake is located on the territory of Uybatskaya steppe, South-Minusinsk basin. These are modern alluvial-deluvial sediments mostly consisting of clays and silts. Presence of such mixed-layer compounds as rectorite, Na-monmorillonite-Na-mica, swelling chlorites at the studied object was stated the first time. Regularity of clay minerals distribution through the section was observed. It’s importance is conditioned by clay minerals ability to serve as indicators of paleoclimate and environmental conditions of sediments formation in the region. Bottom sediments mineral composition was defined: clay minerals, zeolite (analcime), quartz, feldspars, calcite, gypsum, halite.

Рассматриваются минералогические особенности осадков соленого озера Усколь. Методом рентгенофазового анализа диагностированы минеральные виды, относящиеся к группам оксидов, алюмосиликатов, карбонатов, сульфатов и галоидов. По генезису полученные минералы разделены на две ассоциации: терригенную и гидрогенную. Установлен порядок осаждения минералов гидрогенной ассоциации из озерных вод. Данные подтверждаются физико-химическими расчетами минералообразующей способности водных сред озера.

This paper examines the mineral and geochemical features of lake sediments and waters in intermittent Lake Taloe, located in a semiarid climate. Minerals that belong to groups of oxides, sulfides, aluminosilicates, carbonates, sulfates, and halides are identified through the use of precision methods. The resulting mineral species are divided by genetic features into two associations: terrigenous and hydrogenic. The terrigenous association includes water-insoluble minerals, while the hydrogenic association combines typical hydrogenic minerals. The regularities of the accumulation and distribution of minerals along the lake laterally and to a depth of up to one meter are also examined. The order of deposition of hydrogenous association minerals from sulfate-chloride lake waters was established. The obtained results are confirmed and supplemented by physicochemical calculations, which show the equilibrium of lake waters with hydroxides, oxides, aluminosilicates, carbonates, and sulfates. It has been established that the formation of minerals mainly occurs through evaporative concentration in conjunction with bedrock weathering.

No abstract

Объåкòîì èññëåдîвàíèя выñòóпàюò ñîвðåìåííыå эвàпîðèòîвыå îñàдкè óðî÷èщà Тàëîå îзåðî. Оíî ðàñпîëîжåíî íà òåððèòîðèè Южíî-Мèíóñèíñкîй кîòëîвèíы è пðåдñòàвëяåò ñîбîй ìåжкóэñòîвóю впàдèíó, в кîòîðîй íàхîдяòñя двà вðåìåííых вîдîåìà-Зàпàдíый è Вîñòî÷íый. Àкòóàëьíîñòь ðàбîòы îбóñëîвëåíà òåì, ÷òî Тàëîå îзåðî îòíîñèòñя к ãðóппå ñòåпíых вîдîåìîв, кîòîðыå, в ñвîю î÷åðåдь, хàðàкòåðèзóюòñя ñпåöèфè÷åñкèì íàбîðîì ìèíåðàëьíых вèдîв, зàвèñящèх îò ñîñòàвà пèòàющèх вîдîåì вîд. Пðîвåдåííыå èññëåдîвàíèя пîзвîëèëè дèàãíîñòèðîвàòь îбщèй ìèíåðàëьíый ñîñòàв дîííых îñàдкîв, в ðåзóëьòàòå ÷åãî быëè выдåëåíы двå ìèíåðàëьíыå àññîöèàöèè: эвàпîðèòîвàя (îбъåдèíяåò ìèíåðàëьíыå фàзы, кîòîðыå ìîãóò быòь пîëó÷åíы пðè óпàðèвàíèè ðàññîëîв, ãðóíòîвых è пîвåðхíîñòíых вîд) è òåððèãåííàя (вкëю÷àåò в ñåбя ìèíåðàëьíыå вèды, íå ðàñòвîðèìыå в вîдå). Тàкжå быëà óñòàíîвëåíà пîñëåдîвàòåëьíîñòь выпàдåíèя вîдîðàñòвîðèìых ìèíåðàëîв èз ðàññîëîв пîñðåдñòвîì èзó÷åíèя взàèìîîòíîшåíèй ìèíåðàëьíых фàз. Мèíåðàëьíый ñîñòàв дîííых îñàдкîв íàпðяìóю зàвèñèò îò ãèдðîãåîхèìè÷åñкîãî òèпà вîд. Ключевые слова: эвàпîðèты, ìèíåðàльíàя àссîöèàöèя, ìèíåðàльíàя çîíàльíîсть, пîслåäîвàтåльíîсть ìèíåðàлîîбðàçîвàíèя.