This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of Cyclospora cayetanensis in humans, animals, and vegetables in Anbar province-Iraq. The parasite was diagnosed by examining the samples microscopically, by examining 560 stool samples (262 males and 298 females) that were collected from patients attending hospitals (Ramadi, Fallujah, and Haditha), and its health centers. The results showed that the total infection rate was 12.1%, and no significant difference was recorded between the infection of both sexes. The highest rate of infection was 25.8% in the age group (1-9) years, with significant differences (P ≤0.05) from the rest of the age groups. The infection rate in the rural was 14.5% higher than in the urban 8.4%. The highest rate was recorded at 41.5% in April and the lowest at 2.5% in November, while the summer months did not record any infections. The study also included an examination of 188 samples of animal feces (48 sheep, 50 cows, 47 goats, and 43 dogs), the parasite was not diagnosed in any of the examined animals. This is the first study in the country to investigate the parasite in goats. The study also included the investigation of the C. cayetanensis parasite in five types of vegetable leaves (garden cress, radish, leek, green onions, and purslane). Where it is observed the presence of Oocyst in vegetables washing water by a percentage (6, 7.8, 7.2, 4.4, and 3.2) Oocyst/liter respectively.

Given the shortage of studies of the distribution of plant communities within the study area, the present research was conducted to identify the composition of natural vegetation and forms of growth and geographical biogenic life in a part of the watershed of Wadi Al-Muhammadi in the period between autumn 2016 and spring 2017. It was found that the region contains several plants, whether perennial or annul, have been identified based on the characteristics of the dominant plant community random Quadrate method, using sixteen squares covered the study. Then natural plant growth was estimated. Distribution of plant communities varied depending on the geomorphology unit of the area, which was divided into following:-the relatively high are: (plateau), the terraces, floodplain, and the bottom of the valley and on the characteristics of the soils dominant and soil salinity and the soil moisture. 36 plant species belonging to 18 families were recorded life forms were Therophytes and Chamaephytes and plants, all within the climate component (Middle Saharo-Sendian sub-region) based on the classification of regions biogeography map (Biogeographically regions) of the study area. The most representative families are Gramineae and Compositae, Chenopodiaceae . A large proportion of these species were abundant within the wetlands, especially in the course of output and schedules for artesian wells flowing waters toward downstream of the main wadi, particularly the valley, and the moisture salts and content of soils first were determinants within the study area as well as geological formations located within the region . Most of the plant species recorded were in danger of degradation and extintion. This region is exposed to human and environmental factors and security threats. These factors are: overgrazing, the cutting of shrubs with herbs as well activity quarries for building materials circulating within the region within the illegal activities of the region's population,It reems that the reason for the survival of these plant communities and spread over the seasons of the year is due to availability of the necessary moisture from artesian water flow for germination through the collector within the valley and the flow of this water stream towards the main valley.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Marlubium vulgare plant on albino mice experimentally infected with Trichomonas muris parasite and compared it with Metronidazole drug. The oral administration method was used to estimate the effect of the plant extract. where each group of mice was administered a different concentration of the plant alcoholic extract (500, 1500, 2500, 3500) mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg of metronidazole drug was administered to another group, while the control group was administered an equal amount of normal saline solution. The results showed a significant effect of the concentrations of alcoholic extract and the drug metronidazole in the treatment of infected albino mice and showed a high treatment efficiency of 100% with a variation in the time required for complete treatment and complete elimination of parasites. The highest concentration of 3500 mg/kg resulted in complete recovery in the affected albino mice on the fourth day after treatment, while the use of the drug led to a complete recovery on the fifth day after treatment, while the infection in the control group continued to the fifth day and then died. The conclusion of this study confirmed the high therapeutic efficacy of different concentrations of alcoholic extract of M. vulgare plant in treating T. muris parasite in mice experimentally infected with it, which is comparable to the effectiveness of Metronidazole drug.

Lotus garcinii is a new additional plant species to papilionaceae family in flora of Iraq for the first time found at Al-Imsad Dam region (South of Rutba) of Western Desert District (DWD) from Iraq. The species was collected in spring season of 2017 and 2018, preserved in National Herbarium of Iraq(BAG) with the numbers 59780, 59781 and 59782. The identification of the species was confirmed by using some Flora of the neighboring countries for Iraq, taxonomic treatment was done, and some distinguishing characters are given.

The Compositae (Asteraceae) family is one of the largest and most widespread plant families in the world. This study included small part of the anatomical characteristics of the peduncles, which included the characteristics and dimensions of the epidermis, cortex, vascular cylinder and its components, medullary rays, pith through the cross sections of peduncles belonging to 12 wild species belonging to 11 genera were collected during 2013, 2014 and 2018, and diagnosed in herbarium of University of Anbar. These sections gave a clear and new anatomical imprint for each species added to the previous morphological and genetic imprints to be used in isolating plant species categorically, microscopic sections were filmed with a tabulated selection of anatomical measurements.