Análise da resistência de placas ósseas de acrílico fabricadas a laser quando submetidas a diferentes forças que agem sobre o foco de fratura [Analysis of the resistance of laser-made acrylic bone plates when subjected to different forces acting on the fracture focus] RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar a resistência de placas ósseas de acrílico, confeccionadas com cortadora a laser CO2, quando submetidas às forças que agem sobre o foco de fratura. Foram utilizados 40 fêmures de ovinos (Ovis aries) e confeccionadas 40 placas de acrílico, os quais foram avaliados em grupos: grupo OPforam avaliados 20 ossos fraturados reduzidos com 20 placas de acrílico; grupo PSforam avaliadas 20 placas de acrílico; e grupo OSforam avaliados 20 ossos íntegros e frescos. Todos foram submetidos a ensaios mecânicos de compressão, flexão, torção e tração, em máquina de ensaios universal EMIC ® 10000. Os testes eram interrompidos quando havia fratura do corpo de prova. O grupo PS suportou carga de compressão significativamente superior aos demais grupos OP e OS (13.255±290N, 4.932±827N e 8.681±303N, respectivamente). Já em relação à prova de flexão, o grupo OS foi significativamente mais resistente, com média de 2.698±305N, em relação aos grupos OP e PS, que obtiveram 1.315±92N e 1.537±37N, respectivamente. Conclui-se que as placas de acrílico usinadas a laser apresentam resistência mecânica inferior ao fêmur de ovinos, entretanto, devido à resistência exibida nos testes, demonstraram potencial para serem implantadas em ossos com menor demanda de carga. Palavras-chave: PMMA, osteorredução, biomaterial, biomecânica ABSTRACTThe objective of this work was to analyze the resistance of acrylic bone plates, made with CO2 laser cutter, when subjected to the forces acting on the fracture focus. Forty ovine femurs (Ovis aries) were used and 40 acrylic plates were prepared and evaluated in groups: In the OP Group, 20 fractured bones reduced with 20 acrylic plates were evaluated; in the PS Group, 20 acrylic plates were evaluated; and in the OS Group 20 intact and fresh bones were evaluated. All were submitted to mechanical tests of compression, bending, twisting and traction in an EMIC® 10000 universal testing machine. The tests were interrupted when the body of proof was fractured. The PS group supported a significantly higher compression load than the other OP and OS groups (13,255±290 N,4,932±827 N and 8,681±303 N, respectively). Regarding the flexural test, the OS group was significantly more resistant, with a mean of 2,698±305 N, compared to the groups OP and PS that obtained 1,315±92 N and 1,537±37 N respectively. It is concluded that the laser-machined acrylic plates have inferior mechanical resistance to the femur of the ovine, however, due to the presented resistance, it shows potential to be implanted in bones with lower load demand.
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