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This paper presents how implementing the new concept of aggregating a portfolio of DER, requires DSO and TSO control tools to be adapted. DER aggregation requires the coordination of numerous small generation units, that are too small to individually bid on energy markets or provide ancillary services. DEFINITIONSA Virtual Power Plant, VPP, is a flexible representation of a portfolio of smaller generators and demands. It creates a single operation profile from a composite of parameters characterising each contributor to the portfolio. The VPP is characterised by a set of parameters usually associated with a traditional transmission connected generator, such as scheduled output, ramp rates, voltage regulation capability and reserves. Furthermore, as the VPP also incorporates controllable demands, parameters such as demand price elasticity and load recovery patterns are also used for characterisation of the VPP.This work was produced by the FENIX project. This project is a collaborative R&D project, partly funded by the European Commission within the 6 th Framework Program for Research, that aims at demonstrating the value and the feasibility of the concept of DER aggregation.

Purpose This study aims to propose a model to examine the relationships between e-government development, cybersecurity commitment, business usage and economic prosperity of the country. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the country-level variables to explain the second-order impact of e-government development through the mediating role of cybersecurity commitment. Findings Findings suggest that e-government development demonstrated a stronger association with cybersecurity commitment and business usage. There is preliminary evidence that the improvement of cybersecurity measures initiated by e-government development will drive business usage and improve macroeconomic conditions. Research limitations/implications This paper has constructed a theoretical model and validated it using publicly available archival data. Further, this study hypothesizes and demonstrates empirically the direct, as well as indirect relationships between e-government development, cybersecurity commitment, business usage and economic prosperity. To summarize, the study unearths the role of a nation’s cybersecurity commitment and how it is associated with other macro parameters in a country. Originality/value As an initial step, the present study highlights the pivotal role of e-government and its positive influence on cybersecurity commitment at the country level. Further, this study also recognizes the role of cyber commitment to boost information communication and technology usage in business, the use of e-government services for the profitability of the business and effectively influence economic prosperity.

Applications of ad hoc networks are increasing in recent years because of their ease of deployment. Mobile ad hoc networks multimedia applications require an efficient and effective quality of service-aware multicast routing scheme. Supporting quality of service in an ad hoc environment is a major challenge due to unpredictable and rapidly changing topology. In this article a novel cluster-based QoS aware multicast routing protocol (CQMRP) for mobile ad hoc network is presented. In this scheme the multicast routes are constructed in a distributed manner. Analysis shows that the control overhead generated by the proposed QoS aware multicast routing scheme is less than the other related schemes. The simulation result shows that the packet delivery ratio of the proposed scheme is better than HQMRP in higher mobility scenario. In addition to that it is highly adaptable to topology changes.

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