SUMMARY The personal and maternal characteristics of 27 babies with early‐onset germinal matrix hemorrhage (EGMH) were compared with those of 280 babies with normal cranial ultrasonograms, studied in a separate clinical trial. None of the mothers of the babies with EGMH had high blood pressure or pre‐eclampsia during pregnancy. Gestational age <30 weeks and initial pH <7·2 indicated increased risks of EGMH, and maternal receipt of steroids indicated reduced risk of EGMH. Thus prenatal and immediately perinatal factors appear to convey much of the information about the risk of EGMH. RÉSUMÉ Epidémiologie des hémorragies manifestes de la couche germinative durant la première demi‐journée de vie Les caractéristiques personnelles et maternelles de 27 nourrissons présentant une hémorragie précoce de la couche germinative (EGMH) ont été comparées à celles de 280 nourrissons avec échographies craniennes normales, observés dans un service clinique séparé. Aucune des mères n'avait présenté d'hypertension artérielle ou d'éclampsie durant la grossesse. Un âge conceptuel de moins de 30 semaines et un pH initial inférieur à 7,2 traduisaient un risque accru et l'administration de corticoïdes stéroïdiens a la mère, un risque diminué d'EGMH. Ainsi, les facteurs prénataux et périnataux précoces paraissent fournir l'essentiel de l'information sur le risque d'EGMH. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Epidemiologie von Keimschichtblutungen in den ersten Lebensstunden Von 27 Babies mit früh auftretender Keimschichtblutung (EGMH) wurden die kindlichen und mütterlichen Befunde mit denen von 280 Babies mit normalen cranialen Ultraschallbefunden, die gesondert untersucht wurden, verglichen. Keine der Mütter hatte einen hohen Blutdruck oder eine Praeeklampsie in der Schwangerschaft. Ein Gestationsalter <30 Wochen und ein initialer pH Wert <7·2 bedeutete ein erhöhtes Risiko und eine Steroidtherapie der Mutter ein vermindertes Risiko für EGMH. So scheinen pränatale und perinatale Faktoren viel über das Risiko der EGMH auszusagen. RESUMEN Epidemiologie de la hemorragia de la martiz ferminal evidente durante el primer medio año de vida Se compararon las caractersticas personales y maternas de veintisiete lactantes con hemorragia precoz de la matriz germinal (HPMG), con las de 280 lactantes con ultrasonografia craneal normal, estudiados em dos grupos clinicos separados. Ninguna de las madres habia tenido hipertensión o preeclamsia durante el embarazo. Una edad de gestacion de menos de 30 semanas y un pH inicial inferior a 7,2 indicaban un aumento de riesgo y la recepción materna de esteroides indicaba un riesgo reducido de HPMG. Asi pues, los factores prenatales e inmediatamente perinatales se muestran como indicadores de una gran parte de la información acerca del riesgo de HPMG.
Objective. To determine to what extent the reduced risk in preterm newborns of intracranial hemorrhage attributed to antenatal corticosteroids (ANCS) reflects reductions in the incidence of respiratory distress and its correlates. Methods. In a sample of 239 very low birth weight newborns recruited for a clinical trial of phenobarbital prophylaxis of subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage, we explored the relationship between ANCS, the occurrence of germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) that first became evident after the 12th postnatal hour, and putative intervening variables such as acidosis, elevated peak inspiratory pressure, pneumothorax-pulmonary interstitial emphysema, and elevated continuous positive airway pressure. Results. In multivariate models adjusting for confounders, newborns exposed to ANCS were at approximately one third the risk of GMH experienced by newborns not exposed to a full course of ANCS. The additions of measures and correlates of respiratory distress severity to these models did not change the GMH risk associated with ANCS. Conclusion. The GMH-protective effect of ANCS does not appear to be a consequence of enhanced pulmonary maturation.
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