Use of physical restraints remains a highly controversial topic. Even with proven efficacy in restraint usage across multiple settings, for years, investigators have debated whether or not the risks outweigh the benefits. There is a growing concern regarding restraints-related negative consequences. Although over the past two decades, with new regulations, education and training, there has been a reduction in the prevalence of restraint episodes, morbidity and mortality are still disconcerting. Given this subject remains an issue today, a more up-to-date review of available literature is warranted. This article reviews the current literature surrounding the utilization of restraints that has been published over last 10 years with particular emphasis on restraints-related adverse outcomes. The vast amount of literature during the past decade demonstrates an increased awareness in potential dangers, as well as highlights new areas of research in restraint utilization. Despite the proliferation of studies, there continues to remain a lack of evidence from prospective studies that would elucidate the dangers from theory to practice.

The authors present the results of recent studies concerning of the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in children and teenagers in the Russian Federation and abroad. The authors describe social factors contributing to the propagation of STIs among the underage. They also analyze the key directions in the prevention programs to prevent propagation of STIs among young people.

The authors describe an experience of organizing specialized centers for teenagers dealing with prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections, cover major principles of rendering medical aid to underage patients suffering from urogenital infectious diseases, and describe major prevention activities of specialized centers operating in subjects of the Russian Federation.