In west hararghe Zone there was no improved technology of faba bean done on farmer's field and no high yield variety and drought resistant variety demonstrated to reach farmers widely in future.The experiment was carried out in Gemechis,Chiro and Tulo districts of West Harerghe Zone with the objectives of enhancing production and productivity of faba bean on farmers` fields, and to improve linkage among stakeholders and create awareness on improved faba bean varieties. Three kebeles were selected purposively based on faba bean production potential. Accordingly, Walenso Defo kebele from Gemechis, Arbarakate from Chiro District and Terkanfata kebele from Tulo district were selected. Seven farmers and one Farmers Training Center were participated depending on their interest to the technology, managing the experiment, have appropriate land for the experiment and taking the risk of experiment. Two improved varieties namely Hachalu and Tumsa with local variety were demonstrated and evaluated. The experiment was demonstrated on 100m 2 demonstration plots. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through observation, group discussion on field day and data recording sheet. Descriptive statistics like mean and tabulation were used to analyse the crop performance concerning yield of the experiment harvested from demonstration plot. Improved varieties along with local variety were also analysed through independent t-statistics. While qualitative data were analysed trough simple ranking and summarization. Partial budget analysis was also used to analyse the economic benefit gained from the experiment. The result of the study indicated that Hachalu was ranked first in terms of yield, seed color and disease resistance. As it was discussed from partial budget analysis Hachalu variety has more economic advantage than both Tumsa and local variety. Therefore, Hachalu variety was recommended for further popularization and scaling up in study area and similar agro ecology.

The present experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Station, Pandirimamidi, East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh during rabi, 2021 -22. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated twice. Total twenty five genotypes showing semi pole type growth habit were evaluated for growth, yield and quality traits. Out of twenty five genotypes under the present study, the genotypes EC -512819, EC-398490, EC-398586, EC -530830 and EC -398546 are found to be superior in terms of growth, yield and yield attributing traits. The genotypes EC-398546 and EC-530820 are superior for quality traits.

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The main aim of the present work is to formulate the absorption enhanced Solid lipid Nanoparticles of Tenofovir Disproxil Fumerate by the use of piperine and Chitosan as absorption enhancers. SLNs are prepared by hot homogenization method followed by ultrasonication with Compritol 888, Glyceryl monostearate, Glyceryl distearate as solid lipids. Poloxomer 188 and Tween 80 were used as surfactants. Twelve formulations were prepared (TSLN 1 -TSLN 12) with drug lipid ratio of 1:3 and different concentrations of surfactants (1% and 2%). The formulated Nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, Entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Studies. Among the prepared formulations TSLN 4 was observed as better formulation with less particle size and zeta potential, highest drug release and better entrapment efficiency. The optimized formulation SLN4 was added with different amounts of chitosan and piperine (2, 4, 6 and 8mg) to form nine formulations (F1-F9). All formulations are subjected for ex vivo absorption studies with chicken intestine to prove the permeability enhancement. Among nine formulations F4 shown highest permeability coefficient (10.2 X 10 -5 cm/sec). Histopathological studies revealed that chitosan is safe for gastro intestinal epithelial cells as it does not disturbs the natural integrity of the same. Thus, Tenofovir Disproxil fumerate loaded SLNs prepared with Chitosan can be clinically promising for enhancing the oral intestinal absorption of the said BCS Class-III drug.

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