Our study underlines the value of an accurate routine post mortem investigation that may show an otherwise unsuspected structural heart disease. The serial study of the conduction tissue may provide pathologic substrates that may be responsible for the arrhythmic cause of death. A meaningful percentage of cases (22%) had no evidence of any abnormality. Genetic testing can be indicated in these cases.

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Malpractice claims concerning recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injuries are often related to thyroid surgery but they can involve clinicians of different specialisations. Our survey was made considering expert opinions on claims for medical malpractice evaluated at Brescia Institute of\ud Forensic Medicine during the period 1992–2012: 15 cases concerned RLN injury. Malpractice was identified in 10 cases, according to these conditions: low pre and intra-operative risk of nerve injury, no documentation showing that the nerve was isolated and preserved despite the existence of potential risk factors. An accurate, well written and complete surgical report is the main tool for the expert examination in malpractice claims