This paper presents the result of designing the architecture of a neural network on bio-inspired neurons, whose task is to work out the mechanism for recognizing an illusory contour using the example of “Kanizsa’s figures”. The neural network made it possible to achieve invariance to the number of corners of the figure and does not lose recognition quality when changing the size of the illusory contour. The main application of the approach can be found in the problem of separating “figure-background” in images.