Новые краниологические и па леогене тические данные к про блеме проис хождения коренного населения хоккайдо и сах а лина 138 V.g. mOISEyEV peter the great museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the kunstkamera) of the

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Purpose. The article is devoted to the discussion of the results that was obtained from the anthropological study of the materials from the burial mound Verkh-Suzun-5. The burial ground is located in the Novosibirsk Ob area, 4.5 km South-West from the village Verkhniy Suzun. The main goal of the work is to reveal the genesis of the studied population and the measure of influence on its formation of various migration processes. This article is devoted to the study of the odontological series, which was studied according to the standard odontological program developed by A. A. Zubov and also according to the program of archaic dental markers, developed by A. V. Zubova. Results. The series from the Verkh-Suzun-5 burial ground is characterized by the average frequencies of shoveling I1, low frequencies of six-tubercle M1 and deflecting wrinkle M1, high frequencies of the Carabelli’s trait M1, average frequencies of four-tubercle M2. A similar combination of features in earlier epochs is found in the Okunevo, Andronovo and Karasuk populations of the Khakas-Minusinsk basin, where there is a complex with average frequencies of shoveling I1, high frequencies of six-tubercule M1, lack of M1 gracilization and average frequencies of deflecting wrinkle M1. The Okunevo series differs from the Verkh-Suzun group by the high frequencies of the distal trigonid crest, but during Andronovo time the percentage of this trait in the Khakas-Minusinsk basin drops sharply. Feature combinations are similar to those observed in Verkh-Suzun are traced in Andronovo groups from Orak burial grounds, Solenoye Ozero-1 and some others, and also in Karasuk groups. In the Early Iron Age, a similar combination of characters is found in the UyukSaglyn population of Tuva (burial ground of Dogee-Baary II). This complex characterizes by high frequencies of the Carabelli’s trait M1, the lack of M1 gracilization and the high degree of M2 gracilization, and also the average frequencies of the deflecting wrinkle M1 is traced here. The series from Dogee-Baary II differs from the series from Verkh-Suzun-5 by the absence of six-tubercle forms of M1 and high frequencies of the distal trigonid crest M1. Also a comparative intergroup analysis was carried out by the method of analysis of the principal components, which also showed us the convergence of the series from the Verkh-Suzun-5 cemetery with the Okunev population of the Khakas-Minusinsk basin and the Scythian population of Tuva. Proceeding from this, it can be concluded that the basis of the composition of the studied population is the autochthonous component, which fixes in the earlier epoch of the Okunev population. In this case, the general component of these two populations is expressed in the high frequencies of the Carabelli’s trait M1, the absence of M1 gracilisation, and the average frequencies of deflecting wrinkle M1. This component is typical for Okunev groups; he occupies an intermediate position between the races of the first order (in this case, the Mongoloid and the Caucasoid). Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the composition of the group from Verkh-Suzun-5 was predominant in the local ancient component that occurs in the earlier epoch of the Okunev population of the Khakas-Minusinsk basin, and also this component marks Southern Eurasian Anthropological Formation.

The article covers the results of a study on the odontological series from the Kamenny Mys burial ground (3rd–2nd centuries BC). In this work, we set out to study the genesis of the Kulay population of the Early Iron Age in the Novosibirsk Ob area. The main relations of the population with the groups of adjacent territories, as well as the nature of their interaction with the local groups, were determined. The odontological series from the Kamenny Mys burial ground includes the teeth of 24 individuals: 12 males, 6 females and 10 adult individuals whose gender could not be determined. The anthropological materials were examined according to a standard procedure, which involves the description of the tooth crown morphology considering the archaic features of the dental morphology. Also, an intergroup comparative analysis was performed via the method of the principal component analysis using the program STATISTICA version 10.0. It was established that the dental characteristics exhibited by the Kulayka population reveal signs of mixed European-Mongoloid formation with a significant predominance of the Eastern component. We compared the morphological characteristics of the sample with data obtained for the populations of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. The intergroup comparison revealed the closest connection between the Bolshaya Rechka culture and the Kulayka group. The studied material provides anthropological confirmation of the interaction between Kulayka (taiga) and Bolshaya Rechka traditions (steppe), drawing on the data about the burial rite and ceramic complexes. The comparison of the Kulayka series with Bronze Age samples suggests that the forest-steppe populations occupying the territories of the Novosibirsk and Tomsk Ob and the Ob-Irtysh areas had no effect on the genesis of the Kulayka population. We suppose that the origins of the Kulayka population in the Novosibirsk Ob area should be traced to the populations from the West Siberian taiga of the Bronze Age, which is significantly complicated by the lack of sufficiently complete and representative series dating back to the specified period from the territory of the Middle Ob area. Further accumulation of anthropological material from the Middle Ob area will provide the opportunity to trace the genesis of taiga populations of the Early Iron Age.

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