A study was conducted to assess air pollution in Rostov-on-Don. The main source of air pollution is motor vehicles, whose contribution to total anthropogenic emissions reaches 91.3%. Despite the reduction in the influx of harmful substances, air pollution by suspended solids and nitrogen dioxide exceeds permissible sanitary and hygienic standards. As a result of preliminary ranking of pollutants, it was established that nitrogen dioxide emissions are the greatest potential threat to the population.