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Investigation was conducted to test the insecticidal activity of sweet flag rhizome (Acorus calamus L.) extracts on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) on cow pea in storage during 2016-2017 at the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore. Sweet flag (SF) extracts obtained by different extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker extraction) using various solvents viz., hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol exhibited varied levels of insecticidal action on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Pulse beetle on cow pea seeds, there was a positive correlation between the concentration of the sweet flag extracts and the insecticidal action. The LC50 value of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of SF obtained in soxhlet extraction for C. maculatus was 0.042, 0.230 and 0.069 per cent at 48 hours, respectively. The LC50 value of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of SF obtained in mechanical shaker extraction for C. maculatus was 0.009, 0.275 and 0.069 per cent at 48 hours, respectively. Hexane extract of SF obtained from both extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker) showed cent per cent mortality at 0.09 and 0.1 per cent on 5th day after treatment (DAT). For ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of SF obtained from both extraction methods (soxhlet and mechanical shaker), caused more than 80 per cent mortality was observed on 6th DAT at 0.09 and 0.1 per cent on pulse beetle respectively. On 90 DAT, hexane extract of SF obtained from both extraction methods and of ethyl acetate extract of SF obtained from mechanical shaker extraction, there was no progeny development of C. maculatus at 0.05, 0.07, 0.09 and 0.1per cent concentrations. Cent per cent mortality and there is no progeny development C. maculatus in 0.09 and 0.1 per cent of hexane extract of SF (both extraction methods) and ethyl acetate extract of SF (mechanical shaker extraction) treated cowpea seeds upto 90 days when compared to untreated control.

Background: The principles of minimally invasive dentistry clearly tells us the need for clinically effective measures to remineralize the early enamel caries lesions. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralisation potential of four different remineralisation agents used quantitatively by surface microhardness and qualitatively by energy dispersive X ray analysis. Materials and Methods: Artificial enamel lesions were created on the buccal surfaces of 60 extracted mandibular second premolar. Specimens were randomly assigned to four groups ( n =15) according to the remineralisation agents used: Group 1-Nano Hydroxyapatite, Group 2-Fluoride, Group 3-CPP ACP, Group 4-Chitosan 5mg. All products were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions and specimens were stored in daily renewed artificial saliva. Surface microhardness was assessed using Rockwell hardness test and change in mineral content was evaluated using Energy Dispersive X ray analysis. Statistical Analysis: One way analysis of Variance test and post-hoc Tukey test were conducted for multiple group comparison. Results: There was remarkable remineralisation in Hydroxyapatite treated comparatively to the other three groups. Conclusion: All remineralising agents showed improved surface remineralisation. However complete remineralisation did not occur within 7 days. Nanohydroxyapatite showed the highest potential for remineralisation followed by CPP-ACP, Chitosan and Fluoride.

The present study investigated the biology and morphometric analysis of rugose spiralling whitefly (RSW), Aleyrodicus rugioperculatus on coconut under mini net house condition at Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University-Coimbatore during 2019-2020. The biology of rugose spiralling whitefly was studied by clip cage method and morphometrics were done using Leica image analyser. Total lifecycle of rugose spiraling whitefly was 56.23 ± 2.20 days. Developmental period of egg, nymphal, pupal and adult period was 8.47 ± 0.26, 17.46 ± 0.76, 10.30 ± 0.29 and 20.00 ± 1.00 days, respectively. In morphometrics, Length and width of egg (0.31 ± 0.01 mm and 0.11± 0.02 mm), nymphal (0.94 ± 0.01 mm and 0.82 ± 0.01 mm), pupal (1.23 ± 0.01 mm and 1.00 ± 0.01 mm) was recorded. A nymphal parasitoid, Encarsia guadeloupae can be potential natural enemy for effective management of rugose spiraling whitefly.