Abstract:Background: Pesticides are a group of chemicals used in agriculture in order to achieve higher and better-quality crops. The vast majority of these are synthetic substances whose effect on the human organism is unfavorable, even toxic. Methods: We provide a brief overview of available Slovak and world literature on these issues. In the next section, we deal with the case of a patient, whose leading symptoms were headache and behavioral changes. After excluding organic lesions, we made a diagnosis "per exclusionem" and diagnosed cymoxanil poisoning. Conclusions: We consider the relatively low number of recorded poisonings to be a result of strict regulation of pesticide use.