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Abstract. This paper discusses energy status of Botswana and the environmental concerns associated with the production of energy. It was offered in response to the growing concerns in industry about the need for the conservation of energy and for combating the increasing environmental degradation. Accomplishing vitality proficiency and diminishing ecological contamination are progressively essential parts of expert designing. The paper is meant to address top to bottom comprehension of basic issues of energy thrift and environmental consequences of irrational use of energy resources in industry. There is need for up to date technical knowledge and skills required for achieving the better management of energy, designing of energy-efficient systems and processes and the reduction and control of pollution cost-effectively. This information can successfully be coordinated to different segments of the economy for application and help the divisions in enhancing their aggressiveness despite lessening assets, likely considerable increment in unit vitality costs and the urgent requirement to comply with the increasingly-restrictive pollution-control standards.

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The study describes a research and development directed at examining research and design a SHWS, and test a flat-plate solar collector capable of collection efficiency in excess of 50 percent at an inlet fluid temperature 22ºC. The model was analyzed using theoretical and mathematical analysis and the T*SOL® simulation programme for solar thermal heating systems using radiation data to site. The average efficiency of mathematically designed system was higher as 70% than the designed value efficiency of 20. The effectiveness of the collector was seen to be higher toward the start of the test and reductions consistently as the test advances with time. The economic analysis of the whole system desired was done with an initial total investment of US$991.10. The economic performance of the system gives a positive net present value of US$4662.13with a payback period of 0.7 years. At a steady radiation, the higher the heat absorbed, the higher the efficiency of the collector. The use of the flat plate solar collector for domestic and commercial heating (for eight person bread and breakfast) purposes in Gaborone is feasible since reasonable temperatures (outlet from the collector, to) were realized.

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