CD surface molecules mediates cell activation and signaling. In particular, CD14 on blood monocytes mediate monocyte/macrophage activation by lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide and its receptor, CD14, have been implicated in atherogenesis. It has been recently shown that a C(-260)T polymorphism in the promoter of the CD14 receptor may be a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Recently this association has been questioned because no increased risk was found with the T allele, even in the homozygous state. In the present study we investigated a possible association between the C(-260)T polymorphism in the CD14 promoter and acute myocardial infarction. Two hundred and thrteen patients with and acute myocardial infarction 213 healthy controls were included in the study. Genotype frequencies of the C(-260)T polymorphism in the CD14 promoter were determined by polimerase chain reaction and the amplified product was cleaved with HaeIII. The frequency of the T allele was not significantly different in patients compared with controls. In this study we were not able to detect differences of frequency of the allele T (-260) in the promoter of the CD14 receptor gene in survivors of myocardial infarction and controls.