RESUMEN -Wedelia glauca (Asteraceae) popularmente conocida como sunchillo, es una maleza perenne ampliamente difundida en Argentina. Las observaciones realizadas en campo revelan la existencia de comunidades dominadas por W. glauca, donde logra reducir la densidad de otras especies herbáceas asociadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la acción de extractos acuosos de rizomas y hojas de W. glauca sobre la germinación y elongación de radícula de tres cultivos hortícolas: Lycopersicon esculentum, Cucumis sativus y Raphanus sativus. Los extractos se prepararon a partir de rizomas y de hojas molidas a las que se adicionó 600 ml de agua destilada, respectivamente. Los tratamientos fueron, extracto puro y diluciones con agua destilada al 25, 50 y 75%. El diseño fue completamente aleatorizado con cuatro repeticiones. Se determinó porcentaje de germinación y longitud de radícula (cm). Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA y Test de Tukey para la comparación de medias. Los resultados alcanzados proveen evidencia de que W. glauca tiene potencial alelopático bajo condiciones controladas. Los extractos acuosos de hojas, presentaron actividad potencialmente alelopática más intensa que los extractos de rizomas, efecto este demostrado a través de inhibiciones marcadas en germinación y crecimiento de radícula de las especies test.Palabras claves: Extractos acuosos, rizomas, hojas, germinación, crecimiento radical. ABSTRACT -
Weeds constitute the main constraint on the productivity of sugarcane agroecosystems in Argentina. This work aimed to analyze the floristic and phytosociological composition of sugarcane weed communities in different agroecological areas in Tucumán. Fifteen plots from each area were sampled 60 to 90 days after crop shooting, by throwing a 0.5 m x 0.5 m quadrat metallic frame six times in random directions in each of the plots. Species found within the frame were identified. Later, fresh and dry biomass weight were calculated per quadrat sample and species. Frequency, density, dominance, importance value index, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson species diversity index and Jaccard similarity index were calculated. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) was used to interpret similarity. Overall, 35 species were identified, 24 of which were dicotyledons and 11 monocotyledons. Eighteen of them were annual species, versus 17 which were perennial. Considering IVI, the most outstanding families were Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae. The results obtained in all the areas revealed the importance of the species Panicum maximum, Sorghum halepense, Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon and Euphorbia hyssopifolia. The areas with greater and less diversity were the Depressed Plain-Non-Saline Depressed Plain Subregion and the Subhumid-Humid Chaco-Pampean Plain, respectively. There was a 53% similarity between the Depressed Plain-Saline Depressed Plain and the Depressed Plain-Non-Saline Depressed Plain, and a 47% similarity between the Humid and Perhumid Foothills and the Subhumid-Humid Chaco-Pampean Plain. Hierarchical clustering and Jaccard index led to similar results.Keywords: Sacharum officinarum L., importance value index, diversity, similarity. RESUMO -As plantas daninhas constituem o principal fator limitante na produçãode agroecossistemas de cana-de-açúcar argentinos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a composição florística e fitossociológica de plantas daninhas na cultura da cana-de-açúcar em diferentes regiões agroecológicas. Entre 60 e 90 dias a partir do surgimento da cultura, para cada região foram amostrados 15 lotes. Em cada um deles foi lançado um quadrado de 0,5 m 2 , seis vezes ao acaso. As espécies encontradas foram identificadas. Posteriormente, o peso da biomassa fresca e seca foi determinado por aro e por espécie. Frequência, densidade, dominância, índice de valor de importância, índice de diversidade das espécies de Shannon-Wiener e Simpson e índice de similaridade de Jaccard foram calculados. Para a interpretação da similaridade, foi utilizado o método de agrupamento da média do grupo (UPGMA). Em geral, 35 espécies foram identificadas, sendo Planta Daninha 2019; v37:e019179380 CABRERA, D.C. et al. Phytotosociological survey of sugarcane crop weeds in different agroecological areas in Tucumán ... 2 24 dicotiledôneas e 11 monocotiledôneas, das quais 18 eram anuais e 17 perenes. De acordo com o índice de importância, as famílias mais importantes foram Poacea...
HIGHLIGHTS The seed dormancy was strongly associated with the presence of glumes. Germination does not depend on light; It occurs under a 12-h-light-dark photoperiod and in complete darkness. Germination occurs over a wide range of temperatures. However, it is not tolerant to hydric and saline stress.
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