SUMMARYTo reduce communications overhead and location search overhead and to realize a hierarchical network, we propose multilevel zone-based hierarchical link state (ZHLS) routing with a location search technique applying hierarchical request for mobile ad hoc networks. The proposed protocol reduces the communication overhead by hierarchizing the network into multilevel zones. In this protocol, a high-level zone consists of several low-level zones. To reduce location search overhead, location search is performed by each higher-level gateway node searching its own lower-level zones. The proposed protocol enables the source node to request the zone ID of the destination node for each zone. By mathematical analysis and simulations, we show that the proposed protocol reduces communications overhead and location search overhead.

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