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The present studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of fungal and bacterial biocontrol agents against stem rot of groundnut. The result of the dual culture technique indicated that Trichoderma isolates inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii. Among the isolate T. viride (Tv1 ) produced maximum reduction of mycelial growth. This was followed by the isolates T. harziaum and T. virens which restricted the mycelial growth when compared to control. Among the isolates T. viride (Tv1 ) at a conc. of 10, 20, 30 and 40 per cent conc. showed an increase in the inhibition of the mycelia growth recording 22.15, 15.27, 8.75 and 0.00 mm respectively. The next best in antagonist was T. harzianum. Among the Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates, PfI3 produced maximum reduction of mycelial growth accounting for 74.97 per cent reduction over control. Also, a general increase in the conc. of the Antagonistic culture filtrate showed an increase in the inhibition of the mycelial growth of the test pathogen.

Organic formulations against rice sheath blight disease are gaining momentum and encompasses all available control methods with each method compensating the deficiencies of other disease management practices. Combined use of biological and seaweed extracts are an important effective against sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani .Pot culture experiments were conducted with various organic formulation alone. The different organic formulations (viz., T 1 -Pseudomonas fluorescens( ST), T 2 -Sargassum wightii ( ST) , T 3 = T 1 + T 2 (ST) , T 4 -Sargassum wightii ( spray) , T 5 = Sargassum wightii+ Pseudomonas fluorescens ( spray) , T 6 =T 3 + T 5 , T 7 -control) were tested against sheath blight disease incidence and growth and yield attributes in rice under greenhouse condition . Among the treatments, (T 6 = T 3 +T 5 ) recorded the least sheath blight incidence and increase the bio metrics and yield characters. Rice plants treated with T 6 followed by challenge inoculation with R. solani gave a maximum induction of β-1, 3-glucanase activity on 5th day after pathogen inoculation and declined thereafter, maximum peroxidase activity at 7th day after pathogen inoculation then declined slowly, polyphenol oxidase activity on the 7 th day and thereafter declined. Maximum activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity was observed on the 7 th day of inoculation.

Consumption of green leafy vegetables is part of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Cauliflower leaves are rich in iron and calcium also has highest waste index. In order to diversify jellies and promote healthy eating, an attempt was made to utilize its leaves thus reducing the wastage. This study investigated the formulation and acceptability of jelly which were formulated with different proportions of orange juice and cauliflower leaf extract in the ratio of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75,0:100. Present study includes standardization of jellies, organoleptic evaluation, nutrient and cost calculation of formulated cauliflower leaf jellies. Among the five variations, jellies containing 50 percent cauliflower leaf extract had higher sensory score (8.8±0.2) than the plain orange jelly. On supplementation of cauliflower leaves (Variation II), iron and calcium content increased from 0.4 to 10.8 mg and 9 to 192.3 mg respectively. The cost of the formulated jelly was found to be Rs 2.0/15g. Formulated jellies also had better micronutrient content when compared to standard jellies. It can be concluded that cauliflower leaf jelly can be prepared with good sensory, nutritional quality and cost-effective product as a means of nutrient enrichment. Hence, cauliflower leaves could be utilized to progress the nutritional status of the people.

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