With increased usage of IT solutions, a huge volume of data is generated from different sources like social networks, CRM, and healthcare applications, to name a few. The size of the data that is generated grows exponentially. As cloud computing provides an optimized, shared, and virtualized IT infrastructure, it is better to leverage the cloud services for storing and processing such Big Data. Securing the data is one of the major challenges in all the domains. Though security and privacy have been talked about for decades, there is still a growing need for high end methods for securing the rampant growth of data. The privacy of personal data, and to be more specific the health data, continues to be an important issue worldwide. Most of the health data in today’s IT world is being computerized. A patient’s health data may portray the different attributes such as his physical and mental health, its severity, financial status, and much more. Moreover, the medical data that are collected from the patients are being shared with other stakeholders of interest like doctors, insurance companies, pharmacies, researchers, and other health care providers. Individuals raise concern about the privacy of their health data in such a shared environment.

Entrance examinations are a means through which universities select prospective students for admission. Most of the entrance exams are conducted using pen-paper in an offline mode where the number of students appearing is also very high. The current entrance examination system with centralized servers to prone to single point of failure and faces threats with respect to leaks in question papers, copying by students during the exam, impersonation, manipulation of the answers, forging the score cards, difficulty in verifying the authenticity and reliability of score cards by the university, etc. To overcome these issues and to conduct entrance exams online in a secure manner and to make the process of verifying the score card easier, a framework based on private blockchain is proposed in this paper.

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Denial of Service attacks constitutes one of the major threats, which poses immense threats to the Internet. In the present Internet has changed the way of traditional essential services such as banking, transportation and defense being operated. These operations are being replaced by cheaper, more efficient Internet-based applications. It is all because of rapid growth and success of Internet in every sector. Unfortunately with the growth of Internet, count of attacks on Internet has also increased incredibly fast. The researchers have to find details of these type of attacks because due to avoid the damaging reputation issues, In this paper, an overview of Denial-of-Service(DoS)&Distributed denial-of-service (DDOS) attacks are provided. Real distributed denial-of-service incidents with their financial impact are analyzed and finally DOS and DDOS solution is highlighted.