Erythroleukoplakia or speckled leukoplakia is a painless lesion characterized by an association of white areas interspersed with red areas, resistant to scratching and with potential for malignancy. It appears most frequently in the oral mucosa, vermilion and gums. The etiology of erythroleukoplakia is variable, but may be related to smoking, alcoholism, microorganisms, and other agents. The objective of this work was to report a case of erythroleukoplakia in a male patient who was a smoker and an alcoholic. The lesion was detected in the retrocomissural region during a routine dental examination. The diagnosis was established after histopathological examination of the tissue specimen collected by the excisional biopsy. Otolaryngologists and dentists performing an oral examination should be alert to the patient's habit of smoking and drinking. Oral biopsy is mandatory to recognize the presence and the severity of epithelial dysplasia, which is a decisive factor for subsequent treatment planning. KEYWORDS:Erythroleukoplakia, Leukoplakia, Smoking, Oral Mucosa STRESZCZENIEErythroleukoplakia or speckled leukoplakia is a painless lesion characterized by an association of white areas interspersed with red areas, resistant to scratching and with potential for malignancy. It appears most frequently in the oral mucosa, vermilion and gums. The etiology of erythroleukoplakia is variable, but may be related to smoking, alcoholism, microorganisms, and other agents. The objective of this work was to report a case of erythroleukoplakia in a male patient who was a smoker and an alcoholic. The lesion was detected in the retrocomissural region during a routine dental examination. The diagnosis was established after histopathological examination of the tissue specimen collected by the excisional biopsy. Otolaryngologists and dentists performing an oral examination should be alert to the patient's habit of smoking and drinking. Oral biopsy is mandatory to recognize the presence and the severity of epithelial dysplasia, which is a decisive factor for subsequent treatment planning.SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: Erytroleukoplakia, leukoplakia, nikotynizm, błona śluzowa jamy ustnej Article history: Received: 30.10.2014 Accepted: 18.11.2014 Published: 28.02.2015 WPROWADZENIE Leukoplakia (leukos = biały; plakia = plama) to schorzenie charakteryzujące się obecnością białej plamy wynikającej z zaburzenia procesu rogowacenia [1]. Pierwszym autorem, który użył tego terminu do opisania białej plamy na języku był Schwimmer w roku 1877 [2]. Zmiana taka może jednak również pojawić się na śluzówce jamy ustnej, prąciu lub sromie. Według Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia leukoplakia to biała zmiana, której nie można usunąć poprzez zdrapanie. Zmiana ta spowodowana jest działaniem miejscowych czynników drażniących (tytoniu i alkoholu) stymulujących nadmierne rogowacenie śluzówki. Rozpoznanie wymaga weryfikacji histopadologicznej [1].