The results of evaluation of ecological stability and plasticity of 20 collection samples of bread spring wheat by productivity indices for 2015-2017 are presented. During the research, weather conditions differed from the average long-term indicators of temperature regime, the amount of precipitation and their distribution in some months that gave an opportunity to evaluate wheat collection material by adaptability and to identify the best. Collection samples were differentiated by the grain number per spike. 2016 was the most favorable for growth and development of plants (HTC = 1.25), with the index of conditions 3.5, and the average grain number per spike 40.9. According to the trait, the samples Laska, Sudarynya (BLR), Margarita, Chelyaba yubileynaya (RUS), Shortandinskaya 95 uluch. (KAZ) etc. with regression coefficient (bi = 0.69-0.99) were identified. This testifies to the plasticity of these genotypes in stressful conditions and therefore they are promising for use in breeding for the trait. Meteorological conditions of cultivation significantly influenced on grain formation with a high weight of 1000 grains, which caused a significant variation of this trait during the years of study. There were identified the samples which when weather conditions fluctuate had regression coefficient close to one (bi = 0.63-0.96) Shortandinskaya 95 uluch., Astana, Kazakhstanskaya 22 (KAZ), Laska (BLR), Dobrynya, Margarita, Altayskaya 99 (RUS), MIP Zlata, Erythrospermum 12-36 (UKR) etc. By grain weight per spike there were found samples: Erythrospermum 12-36 (UKR), Astana, Zhenis, Kazakhstanskaya 22, Shortandinskaya 95 uluch. (KAZ), Sudarynya (BLR), Chelyaba yubileynaya, Altayskaya 99 (RUS) etc. with values of bi = 0.58-0.97. They are of great importance in spring wheat breeding for given trait and may be involved in hybridization. As a result of the researches conducted, stable and plastic collection samples of bread spring wheat were distinguished by productivity indices (grain number per spike, weight of 1000 grains, grain mass of per spike) Shortandinskaya 95 uluch., Kazakhstanskaya 22 (KAZ), Margarita (RUS), Laska, Sudarynya (BLR), MIP Zlata (UKR), which can be used in the breeding process as a source material for increasing adaptive capacity.
When working with collection material, one of the main problems is the study of most of the samples in a cycle of three years and the annual partial renewal of the set under study. Therefore, only a part of the varieties can be directly compared with each other in terms of ecological stability, and the main grouping has to be carried out by comparing the behavior of samples with standard varieties under conditions of different years. Even well-studied varieties are not always suitable for such comparisons. When selecting the starting material for breeding, it is important not only to find forms with a high level of manifestation of quantitative traits, but also to minimize this level under unfavorable conditions for plant growth and development. The purpose of our research was to determine the stability and plasticity of collection samples of spring durum wheat of various ecological and geographical origins. Over the years of the research, the yield averaged 330.3 g/m 2 and varied from 434.3 g/m 2 (max) in 2015 to 188.5 g/m 2 (min) in 2018. This indicates that the genotype and contrast weather conditions of the years significantly affect the yield of collection samples of spring durum wheat. Stable and plastic collection samples of spring durum wheat were identified for yield: 193 THKNEE 8 (Mexico) (b i = 1.02, S 2 d i = 0.11), ARN AAZ-1.040 YRC-4M (Mexico) (b i = 1.35, S 2 d i = 0.12), SHAG 21 / CASCA (Mexico) (b i = 1.07, S 2 d i = 0.23), Hordeiforme 13-07 (Ukraine) (b i = 2.11, S 2 d i = 0.31). According to the results of our research, it was found that the highest grain weight per spike (1.90 g) was in the sample Voronezhskaya 11 (Russia), and the lowest value was in the sample Damsinskaya yantarnaya (Kazakhstan) (1.57 g). Among the plastic and stable collection samples by the grain weight per spike, the following samples were distinguished: DUN / MUSK 1 (b i = 3.45; S 2 d i = 0.07), SHAG 9 / BBUTO / 7 (b i = 1.61; S 2 d i = 0, 05), CASM 3 // SRN 3 ASAIH 15 (b i = 1.47; S 2 d i = 0.00), GREEN / SOMO (b i = 1.35; S 2 d i = 0.01) (Mexico), Lilek (Russia) (b i = 0.92, S 2 d i = 0.03), MAGH 72 FUTO ALG 86 (Mexico) (b i = 0.75, S 2 d i = 0.01), YAZI 13 (Mexico) (b i = 0.12, S 2 d i = 0.07).
Breeding and seed production ÂñòóïÎäí³ºþ ç ïð³îðèòåòíèõ ñêëàäîâèõ ÷àñòèí ñåëåêö³éíèõ ïðîãðàì ùîäî ïøåíèö³ º âèêîðèñòàííÿ âèõ³äíîãî ìàòåð³àëó ÿê â³ò÷èçíÿíîãî, òàê ³ çàðóá³aeíîãî ïîõîäaeåííÿ‚ ãåíå-òè÷íå ð³çíîìàí³òòÿ ÿêîãî ìຠïðàêòè÷íó ö³íí³ñòü ï³ä ÷àñ ñòâîðåííÿ íîâèõ ñîðò³â [1][2][3][4]. Ñèñòåìàòè÷íå âèâ÷åííÿ êîëåêö³éíîãî ìàòå-ð³àëó çà àäàïòèâíèìè îçíàêàìè äຠçìîãó âèÿâëÿòè çðàçêè ³ç ö³ííèìè îçíàêàìè ³ âëàñòèâîñòÿìè äëÿ åôåêòèâíîãî âèêîðèñòàííÿ â ïðàêòè÷í³é ñåëåêö³¿ [5‚ 6].Ó ñâ³òîâîìó ãåíîôîíä³ ïøåíèö³ íàë³÷óºòüñÿ çíà÷íà ê³ëüê³ñòü ñîðò³â ³ ôîðì, ÿê³ ìîaeíà âè-
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