The influence of drip irrigation regimes on the yield of Rkatsiteli grapes, the efciency of irrigation water use, the formation of costs of natural, fnancial and energy resources in the South of Ukraine has been studied. The results of the study confrmed that the yield of grapes is not proportional to the consumption of irrigation water, but depends on the level of moisture in the local soil volume in the most important phases of development. It was found out that plants unimpeded water consumption during the entire growing season requires maximum (within 1134 m3/ha)irrigation water consumption and resources to ensure a high level of irrigation soil moisture, while plant yields increased by only 45–47 % compared to non-irrigated control. The regime of soil moisture during the frst half of the growing season did not have a signifcant effect on the number of fruit shoots that are indicators of their fertility. The most signifcant influence of moisture availability thresholds of the active layer of soil was manifested in the process of berry harvest formation. The total effect of the interaction of factors such as high soil moisture, more fruit shoots, their high fruiting and high average weight of the bunch provided the highest yield of grapes, which amounted to 11.3– 11.7 t/ha, or 47.4 % more than with a control area. In the conditions of the economical irrigation regime, at the level of 100–70 % of HB during the whole period of vegetation of plants, the average yield of berries was 10.7 t/ha, which exceeds by 37.1 % similar indicators of the control area. A detailed analysis of the results of the experiment shows that the irrigation regime differently affects the effciency of the main resource-irrigation water, the cost of which for the formation of 1 ton of berries with unimpeded moisture (100–80 % HB), during the growing season, is 476 m3/t. The most economically used irrigation water in the economical irrigation mode at the level of 100–70 % HB reduces the specifc water consumption to 266 m3/t. In the area of this variant, the yield of berries was 10.5 t/ha, ie decreased by 8.6 %, while the specifc water consumption decreased by 38.3 %, compared with similar indicators of the area with unimpeded inflow of moisture. Key words: grapes, Rkatsiteli, drip irrigation, berry yield, irrigation regime, moisture defciency, irrigation water.

The purpose of the study is to conduct an objective analysis of the effectiveness of technological methods to control the development of pink and gray thistle among industrial plantations of grapes, taking into account their features and modern control measures. Accounts for the number and development of weeds, conducted at the end of the growth phase of grape shoots, in areas where the soil was kept in a state of black steam showed that the prevalence of pink and gray thistle plants in various biological and coenotic groups reached 53.1–57,4 % with an average number of 3.4–3.7 pieces/m2, which developed along the axis of a number of bushes and a protective strip. Growing in between rows of grapes of intermediate crops, winter rye and sorrel, causes qualitative and quantitative changes in the formation of species composition, number and development of weeds, including perennials – thistle pink and gray. In the sectors between rows, free from intermediate crops, along the axis of a number of bushes and protective strip, the development of pink and gray thistles does not differ significantly from similar processes in the area, which was kept constantly in a state of black steam. It is established that traditional control methods are ineffective because they do not provide complete removal of weeds, require large expenditures of material and financial resources. The most promising for reducing costs and achieving maximum efficiency in the control of pink thistle is the integrated application of agronomic, phytocenological and chemical measures, with due regard for the biological characteristics of weed development. Key words: segetal vegetation, weeds, herbicides, analysis of efficiency of technological receptions, winter rye, sorrel sour, receptions of cultivation of plantings, thistle pink, thistle gray.

The study aims to conduct an objective analysis of the eff ectiveness of modern technology of industrial grape plantations cultivation, to compare them with similar costs for cultivation of other agricultural crops considering the modern global trend. Planting prepared rootstocks in a permanent place, according to the scheme, followed by their grafting with the desired variety on the spot can be an option to the traditional technology of growing grafted seedlings and planting grape plantations. The introduction of alternative technology, using modern mobile tools (secateurs for grafting components on site, aquosorbents, biological adhesives), reduces fi nancial cost by 15.9 % and the cost of chemical and man-made energy by 71.7 % at the stage of growing grafted planting material grapes. It also provides for cost reduce for creation of its industrial plantations. The analysis of the eff ectiveness of traditional technology for growing grafted planting material shows that the technology is too burdensome for the industry and needs signifi cant revision in order to signifi cantly reduce fi nancial, resource and energy costs, to use natural energy fl ows more effi ciently. In general, the same applies to the technology of creation and productive cultivation of industrial grape plantations. Saving and further development of the industry, increasing the profi tability of viticulture, reducing anthropogenic pressure on the environment are possible on the basis of new, non-traditional energy-saving technologies for the creation of industrial plantations and their productive cultivation. Key words: energy indicators, energy intensity of cultivation, analysis of energy effi ciency, planting material, cultivation technology, industrial grape plantations.

No abstract

No abstract