Fats and oils irrespective of their application field are usually used as emulsions — disperse systems consisting of two immiscible liquids stabilized by an emulsifier. One of the main indicators for emulsions is effective viscosity, which characterizes behavior of liquid in flow. This indicator is also important for optimization of production processes, application and storage of emulsions. It was found that fat of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae is close to coconut and palm oil by its qualitative and quantitative composition, which makes it one of the promising alternative sources of fats for the industry. Based on this fact, the aim of the study was to determine effective viscosity of lecithin solutions and fat emulsions of black soldier fly larvae depending on the lecithin content of 0.5-2.5 weight%. It was found that consistency of the lecithin solutions increased when its concentration increased from 0.5 to 2 weight%. The lecithin solutions with concentrations of 1.0-2.0 weight% demonstrated weak pseudoplastic behavior and those with the lecithin content of 2.5 weight% dilettante. Emulsions with fat of black soldier fly larvae showed twofold lower consistency compared to the lecithin solutions of the same concentration and weak pseudoplastic behavior, which manifestation did not depend on the lecithin concentration.
Various oils, fats and emulsifiers in the composition of preparations for soil enrichment or plant protection can have a significant effect on the germination capacity and energy of sprouting of pea seeds. Fat of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae can be used as a pesticide carrier as well as for increasing seed resistance to contamination with fungi and insects during storage and sprouting. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine an effect of insect fat in a form of an emulsion on sprouting of pea seeds of the variety “Rodnik” depending on a type of an emulsifier or stabilizer. It was found that the use of 0.3 weight% of xanthan gum as a stabilizer for fat emulsion of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae significantly increased the number of germinated seeds and the energy of seed sprouting. The use of 1–5 weight% of Tween 20 as an emulsifier for fat of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae led to inhibition of seed growth. Lecithin, sodium caseinate and microcellulose with addition of fat of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae also decreased the germination capacity and sprouting of pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.).
Nowadays alternative protein sources like edible insects are becoming widely used as human food. One of the most popular insect is yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) due to its high nutrition value. However, pretreatment and drying are necessary to increase the food shelf life and the efficiency of its use. Due to this, the purpose of the present work was the determination of influence of pretreatment methods (freezing of larvae for 1 month, freezing for 2 hours, freezing for 1 month followed by defrosting for 2 hours at room temperature, blanching) and drying methods (convection drying at 40 °C and 60 °C, microwave drying) of yellow mealworm on its color (determination of L*, а*, b*, ΔElab, Ch, H, BI), moisture content (gravimetric method), fatty acid composition (determined by gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy) and time of drying (time required to reach constant weight). It was found that all used pretreatment and drying methods had no effect on the fatty acid composition of the larvae. In terms of drying rate and color retention, microwave drying showed better results than convection drying at 40 °C and 60 °C. Meanwhile, convection drying at 40 °C leads to the higher final moisture content of the samples. Among the pretreatment methods, only blanching the larvae samples before drying retained their color better and also accelerated the rate of the convection drying.
Съедобные насекомые являются перспективным продуктом для пищевой индустрии России. Это обусловлено их высокой питательной ценностью, наличием в составе незаменимых аминокислот, полезных омега-3 и омега-6 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот. Сбалансированное содержание макрои микроэлементов в составе такого продукта позволяет говорить о его потенциальной пользе для здоровья человека. Однако в настоящее время отсутствуют достоверные сведения об отношении граждан России к употреблению насекомых в пищу. Взрослое население придерживается более традиционных взглядов на питание, предпочитая проверенные виды продуктов в своей потребительской корзине. В результате проведенного исследования установлено, что женщины в 1,5 раза чаще высказывают опасения о небезопасном употреблении насекомых по сравнению с мужчинами и в целом более негативно настроены к энтомофагии (употреблению в пищу насекомых и изготовленных из них продуктов). С другой стороны, мужчины в большей степени предполагают, что среди населения не готовы попробовать продукты питания из насекомых, поскольку люди не уверены в их безопасности. С точки зрения женщин, потребители обеспокоены отсутствием доступной научной информации по данной теме и считают этот вопрос недостаточно изученным. Среди всех респондентов 80% ответили, что телесообщение о пользе насекомых для здоровья не изменит их отношения к энтомофагии. Более того, 44% опрошенных считают нецелесообразным открытие производств съедобных насекомых в России. Данное суждение согласуется с их мнением насчет низкой безопасности продуктов питания из насекомых. Женщины в два раза чаще отрицательно отвечали на вопрос о разрешении производства съедобных насекомых в России, по сравнению с мужчинами. ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ: Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения исследований по государственному заданию № FGUS 2022-0017 Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова Российской академии наук.
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