No abstract

Titanium dioxide thin films were deposited on glass substrate at temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 500 °C by a simple, cost effective spray pyrolysis method using commercially available TiO 2 powder (Degussa P25). Analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveal the microporous nature of the films at 350 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman studies reveal that these films are amorphous in nature. The films were subsequently annealed at 500 °C for 2 h, resulting in crystallisation (the tetragonal anatase phase). XPS analysis was effectively used to study the chemical composition of the samples. Finally, optimized microporous TiO 2 thin films were used for the fabrication of an 'all-sprayed' solar cell utilizing well-established CuInS 2 as the absorber layer. The best device under this study has an open-circuit voltage of 409 mV and a short-circuit current density of 3.90 mA cm −2 . The efficiency and fill factor were 0.61% and 38%, respectively.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract