The objective difficulties of managing patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have attracted the attention of the global medical and scientific community. Despite the optimal treatment, in some cases a cascade of reactions is triggered. It leads to a deterioration in the clinical condition of patients, up to a fatal outcome. The article presents current research data on the pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 associated coagulopathy.
РезюмеВ ежедневной клинической практике методы лучевой диагностики широко применяют при оказании медицинской помощи пациентам с часто встречающимися заболеваниями брахиоцефальных сосудов (БЦС). В работе приведены рекомендации по методикам выполнения трудоемких и дорогостоящих лучевых методов исследований (ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ), компьютерная томография (КТ), компьютерно-томографическая ангиография (КТА) артерий, КТА вен, магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ)) у пациентов с заболеваниями брахиоцефальных сосудов. В их основу легли рекомендации экспертов, литературные источники и практический опыт применения методов лучевой диагностики.Статья содержит структурированные сведения, касающиеся технологии проведения УЗИ, КТА артерий, КТА вен и МРТ у пациентов при стенозе артерий, расслоении (диссекции) артерий, сосудистой мальформации, синус-тромбозе, атеросклерозе. Данные рекомендации являются универсальными и подходят для большинства медицинских учреждений, выполняющих УЗИ, КТ и МРТ брахиоцефальных сосудов.
For the first time the possibility of ultrasound diagnostics of stylocarotid, hyoid-carotid, thyroid-carotid and stylo-jugular syndromes is shown in patients with impaired cerebral circulation.The necessity of reconstruction of bone-cartilage transitional structures with standard MR/CT angiography is justified.Abnormal structures of the styloid process such as elongation or curvature, the hyoid bone or thyroid cartilage, often in combination with ossification of the stylohyoid or stylomandibular ligaments can cause compression of the internal carotid artery with the formation of dissection, intramural hematoma, stenosis, occlusions and aneurysms. Additionally, symptoms of impaired cerebral circulation start to develop in these patients. Extravasal compression by the styloid process and/or the transverse process of the first cervical vertebra can reduce the blood flow in the internal jugular vein. But only standard vascular imaging is performed in cases of cerebral circulatory disorders, without reconstruction of adjacent bone and cartilage structures. Therefore, there is insufficient data on compression lesions of the neck vessels. Moreover, there is lack of data on ultrasound imaging of vascular Eagle syndrome. The article presents authors` experience of ultrasound diagnostics of this pathology in combination with clinical, angiographic and CT nuances.
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