Ключевые слова: государственное регулирование, масложировой сектор, доктрина продовольственной безопасности, импортозамещение, рынок семян отечественной и иностранной селекции.

The cold-resistant soybean cultivar of the northern ecotype Sayana was selected from the hybrid combination F4 L-2577 × Aldana according to the traits of cold and frost resistance and a reduced reaction for a length of a day. Additionally, the degree of cold resistance of this cultivar was evaluated by the cryosedimentation method. The cultivar Sayana belongs to a very early group of ripeness, which matures in 98 days at the latitude of Krasnodar (45°). In the competitive variety test in 2018–2020 its yield amounted to 1.19–2.10 t per ha. During the agroecological testing of the cultivar Sayana in Irkutsk region at a latitude of 53°, the duration of its vegetative period was 126–133 days with the average yield of 2.95 t per ha, which exceeded the standard cultivar Sibiryachka by 0.43 t per ha. The plant height of the cultivar Sayana at the latitude of Krasnodar was 77–88 cm, in the Irkutsk region at latitudes of 53°, it increased to 105–147 cm. The new soybean cultivar of the northern ecotype Sayana is highly resistant to low temperatures of air and soil during the seedling phase, and has increased productivity in long-day conditions of deficient heat supply and cold stress. This allows it to be cultivated as a main crop in the Central Chernozem, Northern Caucasian, Middle Volga, Lower Volga, Ural, West Siberian and East Siberian regions of the Russian Federation.

There are stated methodic peculiarities of investigations in experiments with oil crops: the basis of the scientific cognition and a choice of directions of sci-entific researches, methods of scientific researches, planning and organization of an experiment. The basic elements of the methodology of a field experiment are described. There are presented observations and accounts in the field experiments with soybean: plant structure, growth, and development; phenology and biometrics; the diagnostic of mineral nutrition for soybean; the determination of elements of yield structure; the determination of a number and weight of nodules on plant roots; analytic observations in laboratory; yield account and the calculation of the consumption of nutrients, oil and protein yields, and seed yield. The article is based on a published book “Methodology of agricultural and chemical investigations in experiments with oil crops” by Lukomets V.M., Tishkov N.M., and Semerenko S.A. (Krasnodar, 2022).

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The middle-early soybean variety Yelisey was obtained because of individual selection in F4 from the hybrid combination L-17 × Fora on differentiating backgrounds based on increased cold and drought resistance. According to the results of variety testing in 2018–2021 variety Yelisey, with an average yield of 2.46 t/ha, exceeded the standard variety Slaviya by 0.35 t/ha. Plant height at the latitude of Krasnodar (45°) is 97–128 cm. The average duration of the vegetation period at a latitude of 45° is 119 days. The new soybean variety Yelisey is distinguished by its tallness and deep root system, which provides the plants with increased drought resistance. Increased cold and frost resistance down to minus 5 °C charac-terize plants of the variety Yelisey. These characteristics determine its potential attractiveness for cultivation in soy-producing farms of the North Caucasus, Lower Volga and Far East regions of the Russian Federation.