In this work, new lignin-based flame retardant LHDs were successfully synthesized through the reaction between lignin, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI).

A series of methyl methacrylate‐butadiene‐styrene (MBS) core–shell impact modifiers were prepared by grafting styrene (St) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto polybutadiene (PB) or styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) seed latex in emulsion polymerization. All the MBS modifiers were designed to have the same total chemical composition, and Bd/St/MMA equaled 39/31/30, which was a prerequisite for producing transparent blends with poly(MMA)/styrene‐acrylonitrile (PMMA/SAN) matrix copolymers. Under this composition, different ways of arrangement for styrene in MBS led to the different structure of MBS modifier. The concentration of PB or SBR rubber of MBS in PMMA/SAN/MBS blends was kept at a constant value of 15 wt.%. The effects of arrangement of St in MBS on the mechanical and optical properties of PMMA/SAN/MBS blends were investigated. The results indicated that Izod impact strength of PMMMA/SAN/MBS blend with the amount of St grafted on core in MBS was higher than that of blend with the amount of St copolymerized with Bd in core of MBS, while the transparency of blend is opposite. From transmission electron microscopy, it was found that the arrangement of St in MBS influenced the dispersion of blend, which led to different toughness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The performance of acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene (ABS) core-shell modifier with different grafting degree, acrylonitrile (AN) content, and core-shell ratio in toughening of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) matrix was investigated. Results show PBT/ABS blends fracture in ductile mode when the grafting degree is high, and with the decrease of grafting degree PBT/ABS blends fracture in a brittle way. The surface of rubber particles cannot be covered perfectly for ABS with low grafting degree and agglomeration will take place; on the other hand, the entanglement density between SAN and PBT matrix decreases because of the low grafting degree, inducing poor interfacial adhesion. The compatibility between PBT and ABS results from the strong interaction between PBT and SAN copolymer and the interaction is influenced by AN content. Results show ABS cannot disperse in PBT matrix uniformly when AN content is zero and PBT/ABS fractures in a brittle way. With the addition of AN in ABS, PBT/ABS blends fracture in ductile mode. The coreshell ratio of ABS copolymers has important effect on PBT/ ABS blends. When the core-shell ratio is higher than 60/40 or lower than 50/50, agglomeration or cocontinuous structure occurs and PBT/ABS blends display lower impact strength.

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In this article, Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted on poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) by virtue of reactive blending in the extrusion process and thermoplastic starch (TPS) was prepared via a melt...