Insulin resistance is the characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This condition is mani fested in decreased sensitivity of peripheral tissues to the biological action of insulin and is expressed in the inhibition of cell glucose uptake and metabolism in response to the hormonal stimulation. At the cellular level, impairments realized both at the receptor and the postreceptor levels and associated with changes in the content or dysfunction of the main molecules of the signal cascade can serve a molecular prerequisite to the formation of insulin resistance. Thus, the insulin receptor, as well as the other related signaling molecules can be considered as ideal therapeutic targets for the correction of insulin resistance and low molecular weight effectors, which act on the individual links of the insulin signaling cascade, may be positioned as a new gen eration of anti diabetic agents. This review summarizes current knowledge on regulators of the insulin recep tor cascade, main advantages and disadvantages of their effects on biological targets and prospects for their therapeutic use as anti diabetic agents.

The possibility of obtaining metallized granules of high-tonnage polymers using classical metallization technology was studied. It is shown that this technology is not effective during the metallization of polyethylene and polypropylene. Certain positive points during metallization were achieved only in the case of polyvinyl chloride granules. It was established that the treatment of granules with etching agents of different nature does not lead to a significant change in surface properties, which can explain the low efficiency of classical technology during the metallization of polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride granules.

The paper is devoted to analysis of functional peculiarities of thermal power plants in Ukraine. In the course of the study, key determinants of the sustainable development of domestic electricity generation were identified in the context of transition to a new market model. The preconditions of activation and support of the sustainable development concept implementation process in the modern business practice of the energy sector enterprises within the Ukrainian economy are outlined. The theoretical and practical bases for ensuring the sustainable development of energy in relation to other United Nations Declarations of Sustainable Development are indicated. The comparative estimation of the efficiency level of state policy in scope of energy independence and resource conservation with the use of a complex indicator of GDP energy intensity is given. On the basis of international and domestic statistical data the dynamics of volumes of electricity production in Ukraine for the period of 1990-2017 as well as the structure of electricity generation by type of generation were analyzed. The dynamics of electric power generation in Ukraine by types of raw materials was presented in complex with the dynamics of coal consumption and production for the corresponding period. The peculiarities of thermal power plants functioning in comparison with other power generating enterprises in modern conditions are specified. The key element of Ukraine’s energy independence – the volume of proven coal reserves – is a prerequisite for the efficient functioning of domestic thermal power plants. The pricing features in the sphere of electricity production and sales are outlined, in particular, the structure of market rate and the price of electricity sales by producers to the Wholesale Market are presented. The significance of the innovation factor in the process of improving the efficiency of thermal power plants functioning has been substantiated, taking into account the economic, social and environmental aspects of their production and economic activity.

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