Family presence during resuscitation and acute care has the potential to enhance the care of the patient and to benefit everyone involved. However, implementation of FP during resuscitation must take account of potential problems.

Thirty-three patients with major depressive illness were treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and cortisol levels were measured 30 min before and 1, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min after ECT. There was an immediate release of ACTH with a maximum after 5 min. The maximum cortisol plasma levels were measured 30 min after ECT. No change in ACTH and cortisol concentrations was seen in control experiments when the patients received only anaesthesia. ACTH release was seen in patients treated with ECT in the morning and in the evening. In 15 patients the levels were studied at the first and sixth (last) ECT. ACTH and cortisol levels were significantly higher after the first ECT as compared with the sixth. This alteration in ACTH release might reflect ECT-induced changes in the central monoaminergic transmission with stimulation of beta-adrenergic pathways leading to inhibition of ACTH-release.