Neurological deficits in patients after neck injuries should arouse the suspicion of the presence of a carotid artery aneurysm. Open repair remains the method of choice in treating carotid artery aneurysms but endovascular procedures create the possibility of treating extracranial aneurysms in selected cases when open surgery is not recommended.

2 the aim of the study was to present our own results of low-invasive treatment of breast abscess in lactating women. material and methods. 72 lactating women with severe mastitis were treated. In 22 cases abscess formations were observed, accompanied by local pain, tenderness, breast asymmetry and skin reddening. Ultrasonographic examinations confirmed the presence of typical image of an abscess, from 3.3 to 8.2 cm in diameter. The proposed procedure consisted in abscess aspiration biopsy guided by ultrasonography. A soft 1.5mm latex catheter was inserted into the abscess, and antiseptic lavage was made to evacuate puss. Medical control was performed on the second, fourth and seventh days after the procedure. The drain was usually removed after four or seven days. results. In 21 cases the abscesses were healed without complications. During the treatment women fed their babies with the breast under treatment. No milk retention was noted, and there were no problems with breast-feeding. All the women highly appreciated aesthetic effect of the treatment -three months later no visible scars or breast deformations were noted. This treatment failed in one case, then we had to perform more aggressive surgical treatment: an incision and drainage performed under general anesthesia with farmacological suppression of lactation. conclusions. 1. Low invasive treatment of breast abscess in lactating women can lead to successful treatment without drug-induced blockade of lactation. 2. The results of treatment and visual effects are very good. 3. This method are comfortable for the patients, the suckling babies ( there no significant problems during twelve days cure ), and can reduce the cost of treatment Key words: breast abscess, low-invasive treatment, lactating women Mastitis in lactating woman is observed in 1.5 to 9% of cases. In spite of correct treatment of such pathologies, some cases are complicated by abscess formation (8-66%). Hence, breast abscesses are one of most common diseases in this group, and they require surgical treatment (1, 2).Typical surgical procedure consists in incision and drainage with drug-induced blockade of lactation (3). Unfortunately, such treatment could provoke postoperative complications, unsightly scar formation and lead to a negative effect for the suckling, resulting from the giving-up of breast-feeding (4).The aim of the study: presentation of our own results of low-invasive treatment of breast abscess in lactating women. MATERIAL AND METHODS72 lactating women with severe mastitis were treated in the Outpatient Clinic of St

AimThe purpose of the study was to improve the ultrasonographic assessment of the anterior cruciate ligament by an inclusion of a dynamic element. The proposed functional modification aims to restore normal posterior cruciate ligament tension, which is associated with a visible change in the ligament shape. This method reduces the risk of an error resulting from subjectively assessing the shape of the posterior cruciate ligament. It should be also emphasized that the method combined with other ultrasound anterior cruciate ligament assessment techniques helps increase diagnostic accuracy.MethodsUltrasonography is used as an adjunctive technique in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injury. The paper presents a sonographic technique for the assessment of suspected anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency supplemented by the use of a dynamic examination. This technique can be recommended as an additional procedure in routine ultrasound diagnostics of anterior cruciate ligament injuries.ResultsSupplementing routine ultrasonography with the dynamic assessment of posterior cruciate ligament shape changes in patients with suspected anterior cruciate ligament injury reduces the risk of subjective errors and increases diagnostic accuracy. This is important especially in cases of minor anterior knee instability and bilateral anterior knee instability.ConclusionsAn assessment of changes in posterior cruciate ligament using a dynamic ultrasound examination effectively complements routine sonographic diagnostic techniques for anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency.

The authors report an intravascular treatment in the case of posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm of a stenotic internal carotid artery, using a stent graft.

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