Cyberprzestrzeń jest przestrzenią komunikacyjną tworzoną przez systemy powiązań internetowych. Pozwala jej użytkownikom na komunikację w sieci i nawiązywanie relacji w czasie rzeczywistym. Cyberprzestrzeń jest także środowiskiem wymiany informacji za pomocą sieci i systemów komputerowych. Autor opisuje w artykule przestrzeń cybernetyczną jako wymiar aktywności człowieka, w której wszelkie działania odbiegają charakterem od środowiska fizycznego. Przedstawia zakres pojęciowy i strukturalny tej przestrzeni, która obok środowiska lądowego, morskiego, powietrznego i kosmicznego stała się nowym wymiarem działań człowieka, także tych o charakterze militarnym. ABSTRACT: Cyberspace is a communication space created by Internet connections systems. It allows its users to communicate on the network and establish relationships in real time. Cyberspace is also an information exchange environment using networks and computer systems. In the paper, the author describes the cybernetic space as the dimension of human activity in which all activities diverge in character from the physical environment. It presents the conceptual and structural scope of this space, which, apart from the land, sea, air and space environment, has become a new dimension of human activities, including those of a military nature.

The article refers to research conducted at War Studies University in Warsaw and at Defences University in Brno amongst bachelor's degree students of the sixth semester of full-time studies studying in the fields related to security. The research aim was to identify leadership competence of the students.

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During Warsaw NATO summit cyberspace has officially become a new domain of operations in which NATO must defend itself as effectively as it does in the air, on land, and at sea. According to this declaration, NATO members must achieve abilities to conduct cyber operations. This declaration shows distinctly that partners in NATO need to have defensive and offensive capabilities to interoperate with allies during cyber activities. However, the proper functioning of armed forces in a multi and international environment, their cross-sectoral cooperation in time of peace, war, and a crisis situation depends on terminology and common language. Unfortunately, different NATO countries have their own set of terms and definitions. Sometimes cyber terminology is strongly distant. The lack of a unified conceptual apparatus for cyber activities poses a serious barrier to interoperate in cyberspace. The article presents a theoretical basis of cyber terminology based on research carried out by the authors. The paper is the added value since it presents and clarifies complex issues of cybersecurity terminology. Moreover, it also presents definitions of key terms and assures a strong theoretical basis and provides an incentive for further research on the referents of cyber terms.

Polish soldiers have long participated in international operations under the auspices of various organizations, primarily the UN. However, since Poland’s accession to NATO and the adoption of our country to European Union, the activities of our military contingents have focused primarily on participation in international operations, organized by the two organizations and under the terms of their procedures. Poland, as part of joint and several actions to ensure common security, has actively been engaged in military operations and non-military missions of various international organizations, as well as local actions in the ad hoc coalition created. The degree of involvement and geographical areas are determined by the current capabilities of the armed forces and the clearly defined objectives coincide with the Polish raison d'etat, as defined in the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Polish and expressed in their efforts to strengthen Poland’s international position. This paper presents the results of research on the functioning of NEC communication network (the Polish military contingent) in military operations abroad. The research was carried out among the soldiers-specialists who were involved in international operations and it focused on the organizational requirements: the technical specifications for the NEC communication networks. Also, the research concerned the organization and operation of communication networks and its services as well as the means of communication and IT used by the staff, users, soldiers and NEC employees.