Background: Heavy smokers have four times more facial wrinkles than non-smokers. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels are an indicator of premature aging in blood and tissues. The premature aging process can take place more quickly at a relatively younger age. The purpose of this study was to determine smoking and low levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as risk factors for premature aging in women aged 20-35 years. Method: Using a case-control study, this study determined smoking and low levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as risk factors for premature aging in women aged 20-35. Subjective clinical observation of wrinkles with the smoker’s face criteria (Daniel 1971) and objective use A-One-Facial Analyzer tool. Analyze using SPSS 26. Result: The smoking increased the risk of premature aging by 16 times (OR 16; 95% CI= 4,2-60,7); p<0,001) and passive smoker 36 times (OR 36; IK95% 7,6-168,9; p<0,001). Low SOD levels (<2.93 U/ml) increased the risk of premature aging by 9.7 times (OR 9.7;95%CI =3.2-29.1); p <0.001) and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of smokers were lower than non-smokers with a median (IQR) [min-max] of smokers 1,5 (1,6) [0,4-9,7]U/ml while non-smokers were 7,5 (6,3) [0,1-14,2]U/ml and p<0.001. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that smoking and low SOD as risk factors for premature aging in women aged 20-35 years with smoking (AOR 18; 95%CI=5,5-66,8; p<0,001) and low SOD (AOR 10,2; 95%CI=1,5-67,1; p<0,001). Conclusion: That smoking and low levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as risk factors for premature aging in women aged 20-35 years.

Since the beginning, genital hygiene has become a concern for women susceptible to infections of the urinary tract and reproductive system where the vagina is an unsterile organ related to external exposure and close to the anus. Several problems related to the personal hygiene of female genitalia arise due to a lack of understanding and literature discussing this matter. This literature review will discuss the normal flora of the female genitalia and procedures for daily vaginal care, which aims to increase understanding of female genital personal hygiene.   Sejak dahulu hygiene genetalia sudah menjadi perhatian kaum wanita, karena wanita sangat rentan terkena infeksi traktus urinarius dan sistem reproduksi dimana vagina merupakan organ yang tidak steril yang berhubungan dengan dunia luar serta berdekatan dengan anus. Beberapa masalah terkait personal hygiene genitalia wanita timbul akibat kurang pemahaman dan sedikitnya literatur yang membahas tentang hal ini. Tinjauan pustaka ini akan membahas mengenai flora normal genitalia wanita dan tata cara perawatan vagina sehari-hari yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap personal hygiene genitalia wanita.

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is characteristized of epithelial cell adhesion disorders that cause skin fragility and bullae after minor trauma or friction. EB Classification is based on the skin's morphological appearance and the degree to which The following reports a case of recessive dystrophic bullous epidermolysis with marasmus type malnutrition  Case Report: An 8-year-old man, with complaints of wounds almost all over his body, initially in the form of bubbles filled with fluid which then burst into sores and over time, the bullae spread almost all over the body and oral mucosa. The patient has difficulty eating because of the frequent appearance of sores, so he becomes malnourished with the type of marasmus. The type of ED is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Since the age of 4 years, the patient's teeth began to decay, and the patient's fingers and toes were pseudosyndactyly. Histopathological examination results support severe generalized dystrophic recessive type EB (Hallopeau-Siemens). The patient treats with a compress of 0.9% NaCl for 10-15 minutes every 8 hours topically on erosional lesions, giving Petroleum jelly every 12 hours on the whole body, treating the wound using tulle, and then covering it with gauze every 24 hours, providing clinical improvement.  Conclusion: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) can be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Complaints of the fragility of the skin already appear at the age of children. Nutritional disorders are a problem that strengthens the condition of EB patients. Multidisciplinary management is needed to provide a good outcome.   Latar Belakang: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) memiliki karakteristik gangguan adhesi sel epitel yang menyebabkan kerapuhan pada kulit dan bula setelah terkena trauma atau gesekan ringan. Berikut dilaporkan satu kasus epidermolisis bulosa distrofik resesif dengan gizi buruk tipe marasmus Laporan Kasus: Laki- laki usia 8 tahun, dengan keluhan adanya luka hampir pada seluruh tubuh, berbentuk awal berupa gelembung berisi cairan yang kemudian pecah menjadi luka dan seiring jalannya waktu bula menyebar hampir seluruh tubuh hingga bagian mukosa mulut. Pasien mengalami kesulitan makan karena sering muncul luka sehingga menjadi gizi buruk dengan tipe marasmus. Tipe ED diturunkan secara autosomal resesif. Sejak usia 4 tahun gigi pasien mulai keropos, jari tangan dan jari kaki pasien pseudosyndactyly. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi menunjang gambaran epidermolisis bulosa. Pasien mengarah pada EB tipe resesif distrofik generalisata berat (Hallopeau-Siemens). Penatalaksanaan berupa kompres terbuka NaCl 0.9% selama 10-15 menit tiap 8 jam topikal pada lesi erosi, pemberian Petroleum jelly tiap 12 jam pada seluruh tubuh, rawat luka menggunakan tulle kemudian ditutup dengan kasa tiap 24 jam memberikan perbaikan klinis Simpulan: Epidermolysis bullosa dapat diturunkan secara autosomal resesif. Keluhan kerapuhan pada kulit sudah tampak pada usia anak-anak. Gangguan nutrisi menjadi permasalahan yang mempererat keadaan penderita EB. Tatalaksana multidisiplin diperlukan untuk memberikan luaran yang baik

Background: Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare X-linked dominant inherited genodermatosis that occurs almost in females and is usually accompanied by other ectodermal tissue diseases such as the central nervous system, eyes, hair, nails, teeth and skeletal system. This case report aims to enhance understanding of incontinentia pigmenti and provide appropriate treatment to patients and proper education to families. Case report: A 3-days-od baby girl was consulted by the Pediatric department with complaints of blisters and erythematous rashes on almost her entire body with the Blaschko line distribution. The nails on the right and left big toes appeared inward. No history of fever and seizure. No family had similar complaints. There were no eye and nerve abnormalities involved. She treated with hydrocortisone 1% cream every 12 hours on erythematous papules and vesicles, open compresses with 0.9% NaCl every 8 hours for 10-15 minutes on lesions with yellowish crusts. Thus, the patient diagnosed with incontinentia pigmenti. Conclusion: The diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti is based on history and physical examination. This case is very rare, so the family needs to understand the course of this disease. Appropriate management and education can prevent secondary infection.

Introduction: Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disease of connective tissue characterized by extensive fibrosis, inflammation, and vasculopathy. It classified as limited cutaneous and diffuse based on the degree of skin involvement. The management is still a challenge since it has a high morbidity and mortality rate. This case report aims to understand scleroderma and provide appropriate treatment that can improve the patient's prognosis.Case report: A 55-year-old female came with complaints of stiff skin on the forearms, lower legs and face since approximately eight months ago, initially on the right and left forearms, then to face, right and left lower legs. On physical examination, there was sclerosis of the skin on the face, forearms and lower legs, and salt and pepper appearance with Rodnan score were 26. The result from histopathological examination were sceleroderma. The patient was diagnosed with limited cutaneous scleroderma. The management consisted of methotrexate, folic acid, sulpha ferrous, vitamins B1, B6, B12 intraorally and 10% urea cream topically. She also was informed to practice moving the hands and fingers slowly.Conclusion: The diagnosis of limited cutaneous scleroderma is based on history, physical examination and investigations. It is still a life-threatening disease, however multidisciplinary management with early detection and treatment of complications can improve the prognosis.