These and previous results support the hypothesis of increased neuroplasticity and prefrontal cortex function following ACT and, to a smaller extent, following VC. Both ACT and VC appear to be associated with cortical benefits, but based on current and previous results, ACT seems to maximize the benefits.

Is there a difference in treatment outcomes between short (seven days or less) and long (greater than seven days) coursesofsystemiccorticosteroidsinpatientswithanacute exacerbation of COPD? EVIDENCE-BASED ANSWERNo difference was observed in relapse rates and treatment failures between short and long courses of systemic corticosteroids, while a short course does have a decreased risk of side effects compared with a longer course (SOR: A, meta-analysis). Ten days of prednisolone is associated with a higher 1-year risk of pneumonia hospitalization and all-cause mortality compared with five days (SOR: B, cohort study).

Aquatic board sports, particularly traditional surfing, kitesurfing, skimboarding, stand-up paddleboarding, and foil surfing, are growing in popularity. Increased participation has revealed similar injury types, mechanisms, and unique patterns related to the individual board sports. Practitioners who live near aquatic environments should familiarize themselves with these injury patterns to provide high-quality care and prevention for participating individuals. This article will examine the current literature for each aquatic board sport and summarize specific injury-type data to provide better guidance to clinicians.

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