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The aim of present study was to analyse endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptor expression and blood vessel density in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding. Material and method: The present study was conducted in the department of Pathology at SMS Medical College, Jaipur among specimens received from 266 patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive age group (18-45 years) on endometrial biopsies and hysterectomy specimens. The intensity and distribution of ER, PR was evaluated using a semi-quantitative method Allred score. Also density of blood vessels /10 HPF was evaluated. Results: Neoplastic cases were found among 9.4% (25) of the subjects whereas non-neoplastic lesions were present in 90.6% (241) of the subjects. Mean Allred scoring of estrogen and progesterone receptor in glandular component was highest among endometrial carcinoma. Mean Allred scoring of estrogen receptor in stromal component was highest among Hyperplasia without atypia (5.13±1.58). Mean progesterone receptor in stroma component was highest among Hyperplasia without atypia followed by disordered maturation and endometrial carcinoma. Conclusion:The results of the present study showed that ER and PR expression are useful investigations. There expression varies in various causes of abnormal bleeding. Future studies with clinical trials could be done to try medical treatment of AUB.

Objective: To evaluate the consequent outcomes in the patients with rectal cancer endured laparoscopic surgical excision at Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Hyderabad and to review their curative resection and recurrence rates, postoperative morbidities and complete survival. Methods: This prospective case series study was done at the Department of General Surgery of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. All patients of 30-65 years ages with rectal cancer and underwent diagnostic laparoscopy either of gender were included. After removing the tumor, the specimen pinned out on a flat surface and placed in fixative solution to allow the orientation of the specimen and assessments of the exact margins. As the specimens had acceptable clear margins and limited invasion to the submucosa, no further surgical procedure was proceeded. Data was collected via study proforma. Results: A total of 40 patients were studied. Patients in the laparoscopic operation lost less blood with an amount of only 200mL during 190 minutes average operation time. The bowel functioning returned in 2 days averagely with 8 days average hospital stay. Conclusion: It is concluded that laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer is an effective, safe and feasible approach in terms of less post-operative complications and recovery time as well as Hospital stay. Key words: Rectal Cancer, laparoscopic surgery

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