The fallopian tube plays an important role in the mechanical transport and physiological sustenance of the gametes and early conceptus. Complex and coordinated neuromuscular activity, cilial action and endocrine secretions are required for successful tubal function. Compromised tubal damage can occur after external or internal injury, inhibiting the normal transport of gametes. The overall prognosis for fertility depends principally on the insult and the severity of the tissue damage; hence, assessment of tubal damage plays a major role in predicting occurrence of pregnancy and the likelihood of developing ectopic pregnancy.

BACKGROUND:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common (15–20%) endocrine disorders in women of childbearing age. Although it is a major cause of infertility, its etiology remains unknown and its treatment difficult.AIM:To evaluate the incidence, treatment and outcome of patients with PCOS.DESIGN:Retrospective analysis.MATERIALS AND METHODS:PCOS patients (914 of the 1057) attending the outpatient department (OPD) from June 2003 to February 2008 were evaluated for this study. Of the 914 patients investigated, 814 came for treatment and these patients were studied for hormonal disturbances and their response to various modalities of treatment.RESULTS:Of the 2270 infertility patients, 46.50% (1057) had PCOS, out of these, 86.47% (914) were investigated and 77% (814) came for treatment. Our overall pregnancy rate was 48.40% (394/814). The pregnancy rate per cycle with timed intercourse (TI) was 44.77% (47/105), 17.09% (286/1673) with intrauterine insemination (IUI), 29.82% (51/171) with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and 22.22% (10/45) with frozen embryo transfer (FET). The maximum number of pregnancies (85.29%, 284/333) were achieved in the first three treatment cycles. The abortion rate was 19.01% (73/384) and the incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 5.47% (21/384). Complications seen were in the form of ovarian hyperstimulation (OHSS), retention cyst on day two and multiple pregnancies in 11.71% (228/1946) of the total treatment cycles.CONCLUSION:Most PCOS symptoms could be adequately controlled or eliminated with proper diagnosis and treatment. Thus, ovulation induction (OI) protocols and treatment modalities must be balanced for optimal results.

We present a case of sonographic demonstration of quadruplet heterotopic pregnancy consisting of twin intrauterine (IU) pregnancy and a twin adnexal pregnancy after ovulation induction (OI) with clomiphene citrate (CC) and timed intercourse (TI). Both heterotopic pregnancy and spontaneous twinning are frequent after OI, this combination although extremely rare must be kept in mind. The role of early transvaginal sonography and serum beta human chorionic gonadotrophin after missed periods helps in early diagnosis. It gives us an opportunity for medical management, saving the patient the agony of surgery along with loss of pregnancy. The management of heterotopic pregnancy is controversial. This patient did not have a viable IU pregnancy and both the sacs in the adnexa were small. Thus, we treated her successfully by medical management with systemic methotrexate, with regular follow-up. This patient successfully conceived after 6 months with OI and TI, with ovulation occurring from the same side of the previous ectopic. She had a viable IU gestation corresponding to 12 weeks.

Aim To check the efficacy of decompression technique in children with dentigerous cysts. Background Most commonly occurring odontogenic cysts in the oral cavity are radicular cysts and dentigerous cysts. 1 According to Kramer, a cyst is defined as a pathological cavity having fluid, semi-fluid, or gaseous contents, which is not created by the accumulation of pus. A cyst which is lined by epithelium is known as a true cyst and that which is not lined by epithelium known as a pseudocyst. 2 The dictionary meaning of dentigerous is “structures resembling teeth”. 3 A dentigerous cyst is found enveloping the crown of an unerupted, embedded, or submerged tooth by the expansion of its follicle till the neck of the tooth. 1 It is not unusual for a dentigerous cyst to mimic a radicular cyst, especially when the cyst is associated with a pulpectomized or carious primary tooth and its unerupted permanent successor. This article presents two cases of infected dentigerous cysts. The first case was of a female patient associated with tooth 45; and another case was of a male patient associated with tooth 35. The infected dentigerous cyst in both the cases was treated with the most conservative option available, i.e., decompression technique. Case description In this article, two cases of infected dentigerous cysts are discussed, in which one case deals with the female patient associated with tooth 45 and the other case deals with the male patient associated with tooth 35. The infected dentigerous cysts in both the cases were treated conservatively, i.e., with the decompression technique. Conclusion The present case report states that the decompression technique may be the most conservative method available for managing dentigerous cysts in children. How to cite this article Patil AS, Jathar PN, et al. Infected Dentigerous Cyst and its Conservative Management: A Report of Two Cases. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(1):68–72.

Aim: To study the indications of penetrating keratoplasty in Southern India.Settings and Design: Retrospective study. Material and Methods:Retrospective evaluation of eye bank records from December, 2002 to December, 2012 with respect to indications for penetrating keratoplasty.Results: During the period considered for study, 102 penetrating keratoplasties were performed. The leading indications for penetrating keratoplasty were corneal scarring (60.7%), followed by regrafting (12.7%), spheroidal degeneration (9.8%), aphakic bullous keratopathy (5.88%), pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (2.94%), acute infectious keratitis (2.94%), corneal dystrophy and keratoconus (4.9%). Healed infectious keratitis (72.88%) was the most common subcategory among the eyes with corneal scarring followed by traumatic corneal scars (16.12%). Conclusion:Corneal scarring from healed infectious keratitis are the most common indication for keratoplasty in Southern India.