Bacillus aeoliusTwelve strains of moderately thermophilic bacteria were isolated from a saline hot spring (55°C, pH 8.3) located in Odaito, Hokkaido, Japan. All strains showed over 99% sequence similarities in the 16S rRNA gene. However, only eight strains grew well at 55°C and demonstrated detectable activities. The representative strains, BEK6 and BEK11, were chosen from individual phenotypic groups and were further characterized. The nucleotide sequence of the almost full-length 16S rRNAgenes of the representative strains showed 97.1% and 96.6% similarity with and , respectively, indicating that the strains belonged to a novel species of the genus . The cells of both strains were Gram-positive and showed catalase and oxidase activities. The optimal growth temperature and pH of strains BEK6 and BEK11 was approximately 50°C and 7-8, respectively. These strains grew in a medium containing 10% NaCl, in contrast to and that grew in a medium containing maximum of 4-5% NaCl. The strain BEK11 showed relatively strong protease and amylase activities in the presence of 3% NaCl, suggesting the potential industrial uses of these enzymes under saline conditions. Key words: thermophile, hot spring, novel species, Dua belas galur bakteri termofilik telah diisolasi dari sumber air panas berkadar garam tinggi (55°C, pH 8.3) yang terletak di Odaito, Hokkaido, Jepang. Semua galur bakteri menunjukkan lebih dari 99% persamaan sekuens dalam gen rRNA 16S. Hanya delapan galur bakteri yang dapat tumbuh dengan baik pada suhu 55°C dan mempunyai aktivitas -galaktosidase. Dari kelompok fenotipe individu BEK6 dan BEK11 dipilih sebagai perwakilan. Urutan nukleotida 16S rRNA secara parsial dari BEK6 dan BEK11 menunjukkan masing-masing 97.1% dan 96.6% kesamaan dengan dan , menunjukkan bahwa galur tersebut adalah spesies baru dari genus . Kedua bakteri adalah Gram-positif dan mempunyai aktivitas katalase dan oksidase. Suhu pertumbuhan optimal galur BEK6 dan BEK11 ialah sekitar 50°C dan pH 7-8. Berbeda dengan dan yang hanya dapat tumbuh dalam medium yang mengandung NaCl maksimum 4-5%, kedua galur bakteri tersebut dapat tumbuh dalam medium yang mengandung NaCl 10%. Galur BEK11 menunjukkan aktivitas protease dan amilase yang yang relatif tinggi dalam kondisi NaCl 3%, sehingga menjanjikan potensinya sebagai produsen enzim industri.Kata kunci: termofil, sumber air panas, spesies baru, β-galactosidase β
摘要:本研究では,温暖化に伴って気候帯が北上した際にアカマツの当年生苗の成長が受ける影響を検討 する目的の育成実験を行った。具体的には,紀伊半島南部の母樹の種子から得た当年生苗を 50 km 北の和 歌山市へ移動させ,そこに履歴を持つ実生苗とともに 2008 年 8 月 25 日,9 月 10 日,9 月 25 日に分けて, グロースチャンバー(外気温区,3 ℃加温区)へ搬入した。その結果,3 ℃の加温は両産地の当年生苗の冬 芽の発育期間を長くすることはなく,むしろ,冬芽内での葉原基形成を抑制し,翌春に展開する針葉束数 を少なくし,その影響によって 2 年生苗の主軸伸長量は小さくなった。さらに,主軸における葉を着生し ない葉なし部分の割合は大となった。このように,3 ℃の温暖化は,アカマツ苗の成長を抑制することに 加え,数十 km 程度の北方への移動では,成長への抑制は解消されない可能性が指摘できた。 キーワード:アカマツ,当年生苗,温暖化,成長,葉なし部分,休眠 HIRATA Machiko, YAMAMOTO Masanori, AOKI Madoka and NAKASHIMA Atsushi : Effect of heating in autumn on growth of Pinus densiflora SIEB.et ZUCC from different habitats in small area Abstract : First-year seedlings of Pinus densiflora SIEB. et ZUCC. were carried into two growth chambers warmed 3 °C or no to outdoor temperature on Aug. 25, Sep. 10, Sep. 25, 2008 to investigate the effect of warming on the growth under the movement to northward. Test seedlings were gathered from southern and northern Ki Peninsula. As a result, the growth period of the terminal bud in both of first-year seedlings became the same among treatment. Main shoot length and number of needle leaves on second-year seedlings were decreased under warmer conditions. But the sterile-scale zone were increased. It was considered that the growth of P. densiflora should change under warmer conditions for 3 ℃ and the movement to northward for several distance did not cancel the inhibiting to the growth. Key words : Pinus densiflora SIEB.et ZUCC.,first-year seedling,warming,growth,sterile part of shoot length,dormancy 1.はじめに 近年, 地球温暖化問題が世界的な関心を集めるようになり, 緑地や森林に及ぼす影響について様々なことが予測されてい る 1, 2, 4, 12 ) 。中島,山本らは,外気温に対し常に一定温度を 加温できるグロースチャンバーを用い,その中で 13 種の日 本に生育する温帯樹木を育成し,それらの成長やフェノロジ ーが受ける影響についての実験を行っている 3, 9, 10, 13 ) 。 それらの研究では,樹木の成長型を固定成長型,連続成長 型,周期的成長型に分け,それぞれの成長型ごとに温暖化の 影響が整理されている。固定成長型樹種のアカマツ(Pinus densiflora SIEB.et ZUCC.)では,高温化によって夏季の二次 伸長が促進されることで,伸長と拮抗反応系にある葉原基形 成が抑制され,結果的に翌年の伸長量が小さくなることが明 らかにされている。その結果をもとに,自然界での生き残り に対して不利に作用する可能性を指摘している 10 ) 。連続成長 型樹種のウリハダカエデ(Acer rufinerve SIEB.et ZUCC.), 周期的成長型樹種のコナラ(Quercus serrata Thunb. ex
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