Non-traumatic ectopia lentis has been associated with genetic diseases in a European population; however, no data are present in regards to this in a Pakistani demographic. In third world countries such as Pakistan, due to the lack of screening tests, this disease has the potential to remain undiagnosed till a later age, at which point the eye through the finding of ectopia lentis has potential to lead to the right diagnosis. Our purpose was to investigate Pakistani patients presenting with ectopia lentis who have underlying homocystinuria and establish a relationship between the two. Additionally, we elicited various systemic and ophthalmic features in these settings. Ten Pakistani patients presenting with decreased vision and ectopia lentis with concomitant homocystinuria were included in the study. Assessment of systemic and ophthalmic features was performed. All patients presented with visual deterioration. All 20 (100 %) eyes had ectopia lentis, of which, 15 (75 %) eyes had inferior subluxation, whereas five (25 %) eyes had anterior subluxation of the crystalline lens. Ectopia lentis and homocystinuria appear to have a strong correlation in Pakistani population. Ectopia lentis has the potential to serve as an important clue to its diagnosis, which may in turn lead to decreased morbidity if diagnosed in a timely fashion.

To determine the efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil (FU) in the treatment of pterygium. Methodology After meeting the inclusion criteria 101 patients were enrolled in this study. Informed consent and demographic information was taken from all the patients. Patients underwent ophthalmic clinical examination that included slit lamp examination to grade pterygium. Before starting 5-FU injections, all topical medication was stopped. After four weeks the effects of 5-FU and its efficacy was noted. The patients were reviewed again after six months to note any recurrence. All the collected data was entered and analyzed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results In our study the mean age of the patients was 37.74 ± 10.15 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.06:1. The primary type of pterygium was noted in 54 (53.5%) and recurrent was noted in 47 (46.5%) patients. The efficacy achieved in 88 (87.13%) patients, four had recurrence of pterygium and of 101 patients 26 underwent surgical excision. Conclusion The use of 5-FU is safe and effective for the treatment of pterygium and it can be implemented as a primary treatment especially in the hot temperate zone where it is very common and aggressive with high recurrence rate. 5-FU not only halts its progression but also reduces the size and vascularity thus decreasing the need for surgery and steroid use and preventing recurrence.

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